Ancient

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Ancient Civilizations
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The Ancient Fertile Crescent Area
The Middle East The Cradle of Civilization
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Mesopotamia

• Land between two rivers (Tigris Euphrates
  Rivers)
• Located in southern Iraq
• The flat land was vulnerable to attackers
• City states cities that had control of
  surrounding land
• EX) Sumer by 3000 B.C.E. had 12 city states

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Sumerians
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Sumerian Religion - Polytheistic
Innana
Enki
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Deciphering Cuneiform
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Empire of Hammurabi1792 B.C.-1750 B.C.

• Great warrior conquered most of Mesopotamia
• Code of Hammurabi earliest code of law
• collection of 282 laws based on JUSTICE
• Laws focused on the family
• Eye for an Eye and A tooth for a tooth
• Penalties differed for the same crime

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Empire of Hammurabi1792-1750

• Based in the city-state Babylon
• Patriarchal society dominated by men
• Womens duties were in the home

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The Babylonian Empires
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The Ancient Egyptians
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Egypt

• A. Stable civilization
• B. Lasted a long time 2700 B.C.-1085 B.C.
• C. Very advanced Nile flooded regularly
• 1. People planned for this, and felt secure
• 2. History divided into 3 periods

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Old Kingdom 2700 B.C. -2200 B.C.

• Pharaohs powerful monarchs presided over the
  kingdom
• Egyptians believed kingship was divine
• 1. Pharaoh was equal to deity
• 2. Polytheists believed in many Gods

Middle Kingdom 2200 B.C.-1652 B.C.

• Egyptians learned to make bronze weapons and
  war chariots

New Kingdom 1652 B.C.- 1085 B.C.

• The Egyptians built a large empire
• 1. For a while the most powerful in SW Asia
• 2. But it grew too large
• 3. A number of people invaded

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Egyptian Social Hierarchy
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An Egyptian Womans Must-Haves
Mirror
Perfume
Whigs
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Preparation for the Afterlife
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Materials Used in Mummification
1. Linen
6. Natron2. Sawdust
7. Onion3. Lichen
8. Nile Mud4. Beeswax
9. Linen Pads5. Resin
10. Frankincense
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The Israelites
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Abrahams Genealogy
ABRAHAM
SARAH
HAGAR
Isaac
Ishmael
12 Arabian Tribes
Esau
Jacob
12 Tribes of Israel
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Abraham 1900 B.C.E

• Father of Israel- led his people out of Ur to
  Canaan
• Prophet religious teacher sent from God
• Made a covenant (2-way promise with God)
• Monotheistic belief in one god
• There was a DROUGHT -some fled to Egypt were
  enslaved

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Moses leader of the Israelites
Prince of Egypt
Shepherd of His People
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The Exodus
Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt I am the
Lord thy GodThou shalt have no other gods
before me. Exodus 202-3
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Judaism

• 1st monotheistic religion belief in 1 god
• Most live in Israel or US
• 14,535,000 followers
• Symbol Star of David
• Place of worship synagogue
• Leaders - rabbis

synagogue in Karlsruhe, Germany
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Yahweh

• Jewish God
• Creator Ruler of the world
• Watches over, cares for/loves protects his
  people
• holds them accountable for their actions
• Serve God by studying Torah living by its
  teachings

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The Torah

• The first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible. (Genesis,
  Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy)
• The most sacred text in the Jewish
  religious tradition.
• Contains laws practices

Yahwehs Covenant With His People