The Microscope

1
The Microscope
2
The History

• Many people experimented with making microscopes
• Was the microscope originally made by accident?
  (Most people were creating telescopes)
• The first microscope was 6 feet long!!!
• The Greeks Romans used lenses to magnify
  objects over 1000 years ago.

3
The History

• Hans and Zacharias Janssen of Holland in the
  1590s created the first compound microscope
• Anthony van Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke made
  improvements by working on the lenses

Anthony van Leeuwenhoek 1632-1723
Hooke Microscope
Robert Hooke 1635-1703
4
The History
The First Microscope
Zacharias Jansen 1588-1631
5
How a Microscope Works
Convex Lenses are curved glass used to make
microscopes (and glasses etc.)
Convex Lenses bend light and focus it in one
spot.
6
Magnification

• To determine your magnificationyou just multiply
  the ocular lens by the objective lens
• Ocular 10x Objective 40x10 x 40 400

So the object is 400 times larger
Objective Lens have their magnification written
on them.
Ocular lenses usually magnifies by 10x
7
Caring for a Microscope

• Clean only with a soft cloth/tissue
• Make sure its on a flat surface
• Dont bang it
• Carry it with 2 HANDSone on the arm and the
  other on the base

8
Carrying a Microscope Correctly
9
Using a Microscope

• Start on the lowest magnification
• Dont use the coarse adjustment knob on high
  magnificationyoull break the slide!!!
• Place slide on stage and lock clips
• Adjust light source (if its a mirrordont stand
  in front of it!)
• Use fine adjustment to focus

10
Different Microscopes

• Dissection Microscope
• Compound Microscopes
• Scanning Electron Microscopes
• Transmission Electron Microscope

11
Dissection Microscope

• Dissection Microscopes are light illuminated.
• The image that appears is 3-Dimensional.
• It is used for dissection to get a better look at
  the larger specimen.
• Dissection Microscopes have a low magnification
  so you can not see the individual cells on a
  specimen using it.

12
Dissection Microscope
13
Compound Microscope

• Compound Microscopes are also light illuminated.
• The image seen with this microscope however is
  2-Dimensional.
• This is the most commonly used microscope.
• You can view individual cells, even alive ones.
• It has a high magnification, however a low
  resolution.

14
Compound Microscope
15
Scanning Electron Microscope

• Scanning Electron Microscopes (or SEM), are
  electron illuminated.
• The image is seen in 3D.
• They have high magnification and high resolution.
  
• The specimen is coated in gold and the electrons
  bounce off to give you an exterior view of the
  specimen.
• The pictures are in black and white.

16
Scanning Electron Microscope
17
Transmission Electron Microscope

• Transmission Electron Microscopes (or TEM) are
  also electron illuminated.
• This gives a 2D view.
• Thin slices of specimen are obtained.
• The electron beams pass through this.
• It has a high magnification and a high resolution.

18
Transmission Electron Microscope
19
Parts of the Microscope and Their Function

• On the next slide there is an image of a
  microscope, very similar to the scopes we use in
  class.
• Click on the boxes to see the name and function
  of each part of the microscope.

20
Click on Me
Click on Me
Click on Me
Click on Me
Click on Me
Click on Me
Click on Me
Click on Me
Click on Me
Click on Me
Click on Me
Click on Me
Click on Me
Click on Me
21
1 Tube Reflects light up to the viewers eye
Click Here to Return to the Main Slide
22
2 Revolving Nosepiece Allows for quick change
of objectives
Click Here to Return to the Main Slide
23
3 Low Power Objective The first lens you use
when doing proper microscope work. Usually 4 X
Click Here to Return to the Main Slide
24
4 Medium Power Objective The second lens you
use when doing proper microscope work. Usually 10
X
Click Here to Return to the Main Slide
25
5 High Power Objective The highest
magnification used. Usually 43 X. NEVER use the
course adjustment when using this lens.
Click Here to Return to the Main Slide
26
6 Stage Clips Use to keep the slide in place.
Click Here to Return to the Main Slide
27
7 Diaphragm Use to vary the amount of light
passing through the slide. Usually it is better
if the amount of light is low.
Click Here to Return to the Main Slide
28
8 Light Source Sends light up through the
diaphragm and through the slide for viewing
Click Here to Return to the Main Slide
29
9 Eye PieceThe part you look at with your eye.
Usually 10 X magnification.
Click Here to Return to the Main Slide
30
10 Neck Used to safely transport microscope
Click Here to Return to the Main Slide
31
11 Stage Slides are placed on this
Click Here to Return to the Main Slide
32
12 Coarse Adjustment Used to make large
changes in focus. NOTE Never use this when
viewing on high power
Click Here to Return to the Main Slide
33
13 Fine Adjustment Used to small adjustments
of focus
Click Here to Return to the Main Slide
34
14 Base Used to safely transport the microscope
Click Here to Return to the Main Slide