??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? WTO

1
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????? ?????????? WTO

• ???
• ??????? ????????
• ???????????????????????????

2
??????????????????????????????????????
Three boxes traffic light colours
Amber distort, production related, causing
over supply.
Blue distort, but has production limits.
Green development projects, environmental
protection, income support.
3
United States
Thailand
EC

• Price Intervention
• Market Price Support
• Non- Exempt Direct Payments
• Marketing Loan assistance programme
• (loan deficiency payments,marketing loan gains)
• Others (Commodity loan interest subsidy, storage
  payments)
• Crop and Revenue insurance subsidized by
  Federal Crop Insurance Corporation
• State Credit programs
• Countercyclical payment
• Farm storage facility loans

• Price Intervention
• Market Price Support
• Non- Exempt Direct Payments
• Production aid
• Processing aid
• Private storage aid, Distillation aids
• Minimum price
• Insurance subsidies
• Interest concessions

• Price Intervention
• Paddy Pledging Scheme
• Soft Loan Measures
• Market Price Intervention
• Input Subsidies
• Generally Available to Low-income or
  Resource-poor Producers
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????

4
United States
EC
Thailand

• Direct payments under Production-Limiting
  Programmes Exempt Direct Payments)
• Payments based on fixed area and yields
• payments based on 85 percent or less of the
  base level of production (set aside)
• Livestock payments made on a fixed number of head

NIL
NIL
5
United States
EC
Thailand

• General Services
• - State program for agriculture
• Animal and Plant health inspection services
• Agricultural research
• Public Stockholding for Food Security (nil)
• Domestic Food aid
• Food Stamp program
• Child Nutrition Programs
• Special Supplymental Nutrition Programme for
  Women, Infants, Children
• Decoupled income support
• Income Insurance and safety net programs

• General Services
• - Market and Promotion services
• Pest and Disease Control
• Public Stockholding for Food Security
• Domestic Food aid
• Decoupled income support
• Single Farm Payment Scheme and Supplementary
• Income Insurance and safety net programs
• Payments for relief from natural disasters

• General Services
• Agriculture research and Development Plan
• Pest and Disease Control
• Agricultural training Services
• Extension and advisory services, facilitate the
  transfer of information and the results of
  research to producers and consumers

6
United States
EC
Thailand

• Payments for relief from natural disasters
• Structural Adjustment
• through producer retirement programs (nil)
• through resource retirement programs (nil)
• through investment aids
• Environment payments
• Conservation reserve program
• Environmental Quality Incentives Program

• Structural Adjustment
• through producer retirement programs -
• through resource retirement programs -
• through investment aids
• Environment payments
• Protection of environment of countryside, soil
  erosion, organic production, forestry measures
• Environmental Quality Incentives Program
• Regional Assistance programme

• General Services
• Inspection services
• Marketing and promotion services
• Environmental promotion Programmes (nil)
• Infrastructure services
• ?????????????, ?????????????/???
• ????????????

7
????????????????????????

• ???????????????????????? ????????????? WTO
  ??????????? 2 ??????????? ???
• 1. ?????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????? (Green Box)
• 2. ?????????????????????????????? (Amber Box)

8
Simplifying U.S. Subsidy Regime...
9
Average 2002 - 2007 Green Box Spending 69,005.50
Mil USD
Current Bound AMS 19,103.294 Mil USD
10
Share of Green Box in each category

11
Domestic Food Aid
Mil USD
12
AMS
Current Total AMS 9,637.30 6,950.03 11,628.92 12,942.93 7,742.02 6,259.89
corn 0.00 0.00 3,059.44 4,490.00 0.00 0.00
cotton 1,186.79 434.91 2,238.42 1,620.70 1,365.18 0.00
dairy 6,304.76 4,736.81 4,662.55 5,154.59 5,044.12 5,016.54
Rice 711.57 503.04 130.82 132.51 0.00 0.00
sugar 1,327.80 1,249.84 1,281.92 1,199.21 1,279.63 1,235.84
others 106.38 25.43 255.79 345.93 53.09 7.51
13
AMS

• ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????? ???? ??? ??????
• ??????????????????????????????? ????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????? ???????????????????????????????
  ???????????? 2004 2005 ????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????? ???? ?????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????? target price ??? reference price
  ??? fixed

14
Structure of support programs for certain
products ...
Sugar
Dairy
Cotton
Rice
15
??????????????????????????????

• Farm Bill 2008 ????? reform ?????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????? ??? Farm
  Bill 2002 ????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????? counter cyclical payment ????
  ???????? ???????? ???????????? ????????
  ??????????
• Farm Bill 2008 ??????????????????????????? ACRE
  (Average Crop Revenue Election Program)

16
????????????????????????????
17
????????????????????????????

• ?????????????????? EU ?? 2005/2006

18
???????????????????????? EU

• Price support
• - ??????????? ??????????
• - ?? 2005 ???????????????? 28,427 ????????
• - ?????? (6,673) ??? (4,077) ???????? (2,614)
  ????????? (1,865) ?????????? (1,800) ????????
• ???????????? Production aid (????????,??)

19
????????????????????????????? EU
20
??????????????????????????? EU

• Green box
• - Decoupled income support ???????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????? (14,733
  ????????)
• - Structural Adjustment Assistance provided
  through Investment Aids ?????????????????????????
  ????????? ?????????????????????????
  ???????????????????? ???????? ????????????????(7,3
  04 ????????)
• - Environmental Programmes ??????????????????
  organic ?????? ???. ?????????????????? (5,558
  ????????)

21
??????????????????????????? EU

• Blue box ???????????????????????????????????????
  ??
• 1.Payments based on fixed area and yield
• -????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????????
  (7256.3 ????????)
• - ???????????????????????????????????????????
  (261.5 ????????)
• 2. Livestock payments made on a fixed number of
  head
• - ?????????????????????????????????????????????
  (1,453 ????????)
• - ?????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????? ???????????????????????????? (1,320
  ????????)

22
????????????????????EU
??????????
23
????????????????????????????

• ?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????
  ??????????? EU ?????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????? ??????? 2006
• - ????????????????????? ?????? 36 ????? 4 ??

????????? ????????????? (????/???) ????????????? (????/???) ???????
2006/2007 496.80 631.90 0
2007/2008 496.80 631.90 0
2008/2009 448.80 541.50 14
2009/2010 335.20 404.40 36
24
????????????????????????????

• - ????????????? sugar beet ?? ????? 4 ??
• - ???????????????? (Single farm payment)
  ????????????????????????????????? (?? 2005 ?????
  14,733 ????????)

????????? ??????? ????????????? (????/???)
2006/2007 32.86
2007/2008 29.78
2008/2009 27.83
2009/2010 26.29
25
?????????????????????
26
??????????????????????????????????????????
27