The Building of European Supremacy

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The Building of European Supremacy
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2nd Industrial Revolution

• Henry Bessemer- discovered a way to produce steel
  cheaply at large quantities.

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The Solway Process

• Allowed for the recovery of chemical byproducts.
  (sulfuric acid, soap)
• Plastics and dyes also developed.

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Electricity

• 1st public power plant in Britain in 1881.

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Gottlieb Daimler

• Invented the modern internal combustion engine.

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Henry Ford

• Made the automobile accessible to the masses.

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Economic difficulties

• Agriculture declined due to bad weather and
  foreign competition.
• Unemployment rose.

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Petite Bourgeoisie Emerged

• The lower middle class (white collar workers).
• Secretaries, clerks, lower-level govt officials.

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The New Paris

• Eiffel Tower built in 1889.
• Streets opened up.
• Seine River, no longer an open sewer.

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Development of Suburbs

• Costs within cities grew exponentially.
• European suburbs consisted of apartment buildings
  or private houses closely packed together.

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Cholera

• Epidemic in 1830s-1840s.
• Reason pollution.

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New Water and Sewer Systems

• Mortality rates dropped.
• Human excrement disposed.
• Clean water free from bacteria.

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Public Health Informers

• Louis Pasteur- France
• Robert Koch- Germany
• Joseph Lister- Britain