Why Unite? 1860s

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Why Unite? 1860s

• Confederation of Canada
• Chapter 7
• Mid-1800s

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What is Confederation? (p. 118)

• Federalism A group of colonies united by a
  single federal government.
• Provinces still have their own governments.
• Colonies signed the British North America Act
  (1867)
• Name changed Now called Canadian Constitution,
  Charter of Rights and Freedoms added (1982).
• Constitution document that states what the
  government can and cannot do (Laws, rules)

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Dominion of Canada
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(No Transcript)
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Canada, 1867
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How did British North America turn into the
Dominion of Canada?
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1841 Province of Canada

• A province created from combining Lower and Upper
  Canada.
• Durham report (p. 111).
• Act of Union
• French and English people under control of one
  colonial (British) government.
• A solution to the Rebellions of
• 1837 and 1838.

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Province of Canada
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Political Unrest in Province of Canada p.120-121

• French in East Canada did not want to be under
  the control of the British.
• Politicians Disputed Economics, Politics,
  Immigration, Language
• French and English clash culturally and
  politically.
• ? Politicians could not agree deadlocked.

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Solution to Political Problems in Province of
Canada

• Solution? Confederation!
• New Federal Government while Quebec maintains its
  provincial government.
• Federalism A group of colonies united by a
  single federal government.
• Provinces still have provincial governments.

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Why Unite ALL of BNA?
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Economic Reasons (p. 123-125)

• Trade between united provinces easier than
  between divided colonies.
• Can better organize trade deals.
• One single currency.
• Can borrow money from each other, share costs of
  military, railways, etc.

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Build a National Railway

• National Railway throughout colonies.
• Provinces share the cost as well as the railways.
• Some Railways cost 52 million then (1.3 billion
  now).
• Expand West populate western areas (HBC land)
  with settlers.

http//www.treehugger.com/2010/04/04-week/
http//firstpeoplesofcanada.com/fp_metis/fp_metis1
.html
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1880s Railroad Workers

• http//www.wired.com/thisdayintech/2010/11/1118rai
  lroad-time-zones/

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Security Strength in Numbers

• USA politicians and groups discussed invasions of
  BNA
• War of 1812
• Fenains attack Lower Canada and New Brunswick
  angry Irish-Americans wanted to take over BNA
  because British took over Ireland.
• National Defense a federal government can
  organize its military forces to protect its
  different regions.

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United We Stand

• Civil Wars in other Countries
• USA Divided (Civil War 1860-1865)
• Political and economical turmoil, people dying.
• United by Trade Railways
• Increase trade between peoples.

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Back to Why Unite? (p. 123-125)

• Stabilize relations between French and English in
  Province of Canada.
• Allow provinces to have their own governments,
  but under the control of a federal governing
  body.
• Military strength.
• Trade.
• National railway
• Communication, transport of people, troops and
  goods.

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Who? More about these men later

• Political Officials
• Elected.
• John A MacDonald
• Charles Tupper
• Charles Fisher
• Joseph Howe
• Leonard Tilley
• John Gray

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Where Did They Meet?

• Charlottetown Conference September 1864.
• Talk of a Maritime Union between NB, NS, PEI.
• Figured out how the federal government will work,
  its relationship with Britain.
• Quebec Conference 1864 (p. 122)
• 72 Resolutions details of new federal
  government.
• London Conference 1866.
• Drafting British North America Act unites BNA
  into the Dominion of Canada.

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Charlottetown, PEI 1864 p. 119
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Charlottetown, 1864 p. 119

• Oakbay.sd61.bc.ca

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Quebec Conference, 1864 p. 122
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London Conference 1866

• http//www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/confederation/0
  23001-4000-e.html

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Quebec Conference 1864

• Quebec Conference October 1864.
• Details figured out, ready for London Conference.
• 72 Resolutions Issued.
• Activity
• Step 1 Turn to page 122 in your textbooks.
• READ Read the blue box titled The Main Ideas of
  the Seventy-Two Resolutions.

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(Page 122) Who is Politically Empowered by these
resolutions?

• Still loyal to Britain.
• Federal government in charge of finances and
  military.
• Each colony would be a province, each province
  will have control over local issues
• Representation by Population
• More people more representatives in government
  and more political empowerment.

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Who Fought for Confederation?

• John A MacDonald Upper Canada
• Charles Tupper Nova Scotia
• Charles Fisher New Brunswick
• Joseph Howe Nova Scotia
• Leonard Tilley New Brunswick
• John Gray PEI

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Canada 1867
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Activity 2 Your Province in History

• Preparing for a debate
• Groups assigned.
• Research.
• Prepare for the debate.
• Debate.

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New Brunswick Charles Fisher

• Reformer - Responsible Government.
• Fought for support for Confederation in New
  Brunswick.
• His political career is filled with
  controversies.
• Page 115.
• BACK

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Upper Canada John A. MacDonald

• Wanted national railway.
• Scottish in origin.
• Premier of Upper Canada
• between 1856 1862.
• Government was politically instable pushed for
  change in the form of a Confederation with other
  colonies.
• BACK

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Leonard Tilley New Brunswick

• Suggested the name Dominion of Canada.
• Dominion not a colony, but not independent.
• Canada name given to general area of British
  North America before Confederation.
• Political leader in New
• Brunswick.
• Page 120.
• BACK

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Nova Scotia Charles Tupper

• Born and raised in Nova Scotia.
• Premier of Nova Scotia 1864 to 1867.
• Suggested Maritime Union of NS, NB and PEI.
• Supported Confederation.
• Page 120.
• BACK

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Nova Scotia Joseph Howe

• Novascotian Newspaper.
• His writings and political work helped to form
  the first Responsible Government in Canada.
• Anti-confederation thought Nova Scotia would
  not benefit from a confederation.
• Page 107.
• BACK

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John Gray PEI

• Military Man, born and raised in PEI.
• For Confederation.
• Later did not support Confederation
• Thought PEI would not be represented
  appropriately in federal government.
• 1858 1864 Premier of PEI.
• Page 120 in textbook.
• BACK