Big Questions

1
Big Questions
2
Big Question 1 What were the central ideas of
the reformers, and why were they appealing to
different social groups?

• What were the central ideas of the reformers, and
  why were they appealing to different social
  groups?                                          
                           
• Central ideas
• Faith earns salvation
• Clergy men have to pay their taxes
• Priesthood of all believers
• Word of God comes from scripture
• Indulgences are bad and should not be sold
• Pope needs less power

3
Big Question 1 What were the central ideas of
the reformers, and why were they appealing to
different social groups?

• Anyone can interpret scripture 
• Church should give to charity
• Catholic Church needs to reform
• Stop selling positions in the church
• Appealing 
• It took power away from the church and the pope
  which would benefit other people
• It didn't cost as much as Catholicism 
• It's appealing because the common person could
  interpret the bible not just take the popes word
  for it.

4
Big Question 2How did the political situation
in Germany shape the course of the Reformation?

• 1. The Habsburg Dynasty was very powerful in
  Europe, and Max (Holy Roman Emperor) married Mary
  of Burgundy to form an alliance with France.
  Charles V, who was the grandson of the Holy Roman
  Emperor wanted to keep Europe United as a Western
  Christendom.
• 2. In the HRE, the rulers determined the religion
  of their choice. Martin Luther starts to appeal
  to German leaders. Some rulers agree with Luther
  while others oppose him and attempt to seize
  church lands.
• 3. Zwingli was killed in religious wars between
  Germany and Switzerland, and and the treaty
  allows the small counties to choose what religion
  they want to practice.
• 4. Charles V reacted to this by calling the Diet
  of Augsburg, which demanded all Protestants to
  convert back to Catholicism.
• 5. The Peace of Augsburg recognized Lutheranism
  and the leaders of each state gets to decide
  whether they are Catholic or Protestant. If
  citizens do not agree with their religion, they
  can dissent from their nation and move to a
  different nation.

5
Big Question 3How did the Protestant ideas and
institutions spread beyond German speaking lands?

• Big Question 3 how did the Protestant ideas and
  institutions spread beyond German speaking lands?
• -The Printing Press spread Luther's idea's about
  religion quickly and the church couldn't stop the
  spreading because there were too many books.
• -Educated people and the humanists agreed with
  his ideas and helped spread Protestantism to
  different popes and monks that have left the
  Catholic Church for Protestantism. 
• -King Henry the 8th didn't agree with Catholicism
  so he made his own his own religion, and helped
  spread Protestantism throughout his countries.
• -Calvinism informed Luther's idea of
  justification by faith and emphasizes the grace
  of God or salvation, it also started the spread
  of new religions other than Lutheranism and
  Calvinism.

6
Big Question 4How did the Catholic Church
respond to the new religious situation?

• Initial response- Catholic Church completely
  rejected the idea and did everything they could
  to stop it. (St Bartholomew's Day Massacre)
  Then- Catholics began to reform the church,
  educate the clergy, and get rid of corruption.
• The Catholic Church refused to compromise with
  the Protestants Council of Trent- stop selling
  indulgences, assert power reaffirm beliefs,
  expand missionary work seminary training, no
  simony.
• Spread message of reform education (built
  schools) Spread Catholicism to Asia, Africa,
  and the Americas

7
Big Question 5 What were the causes and
consequences of religious violence, including
riots, wars, and witch-hunts?

• Causes
• Other groups believed they were better
• No religious tolerance
• People were poor and could not afford indulgences
• Arrival of Protestantism
• Consequences
• People died
• Cities were destroyed
• New religious groups
• Witch hunts