Chapter 8, Global Inequality

1
Chapter 8, Global Inequality 

• Social Change Inequality and Development
• Global Poverty and Dependence
• Competition, Change and International
  Relationships

2
Most-to-least Developed Countries

• Most developed - countries of North America and
  Western Europe along with Australia and New
  Zealand.
• Less-developed - the former Soviet Unions
  sphere of influence along with nations in Asia
  and Latin America.

3
Most-to-least Developed Countries

• Least-developed - the remaining 75 of the
  worlds political entities.Includes populous
  nations like India and China, along with many
  nations of Asia, the Middle East, and especially,
  Sub-Saharan Africa.

4
Theories of Development

• Modernization Less-developed countries will
  adopt the technology and social institutions used
  by the developed countries.
• World system theory views the world as a single
  economic system in which core societies control
  world resources at the expense of peripheral
  societies.

5
Sustainable Development

• Necessary to
• Reduce levels of absolute poverty so that more
  people can produce and consume.
• Reduce rates of population growth.

6
 Forms of Economic Dependency

• Banana republic
• Dependent on producing agricultural commodities
  for export.
• The costs of imported goods exceeds the returns
  on exports
• banana republics become less able to attend to
  domestic production necessary for their own
  people.

7
 Forms of Economic Dependency

• Industrial dependency
• Occurs when least developed nations provide cheap
  labor to foreign industrial corporations.
• Foreign capital dependency
• Occurs in the least developed nations when a
  powerful local elite invites foreign investment.