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CH11 ??????

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Title: CH11 Author: Chris Last modified by: Chris Created Date: 6/24/2006 6:45:24 AM Document presentation format: – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: CH11 ??????


1
(No Transcript)
2
????
  • ???????
  • ?????????????????
  • ???????
  • ?????????

OBJECTIVES
3
????
  • ?????????
  • ??????????
  • ?????????

OBJECTIVES
4
11.1 ???????
  • ????(Game Theory)
  • ?????????????????????,??????????????
  • ??????????,?????????,????????????

5
11.2 ???????
  • ??
  • ??????????????,?????????,?????????,????????,?????
    ???????????????????????????????????,??????????????
    ????????????

6
11.2 ???????
  • ?????????????
  • ?????
  • ???????????,?????????????????
  • ???????
  • ?????(nature),?????????????????,??????(decision)

7
11.2 ???????
  • ???????????????(chance)???(skill)???(strategy)
  • ?????????????,????????????????????

8
11.2 ???????
  • ?????
  • ??????????(strategic game),???????????????
  • ??????(strategic thinking)
  • ????????????????,???????(??)???????

9
11.2 ???????
  • ??????????????????,????????????????????
  • ?????????????????????????????????????,????????????
    ????????

10
11.2 ???????
  • ???????

10
??
4
???
???
-10
??
0
-16
11
11.2 ???????
  • ???????
  • ???????,???????????????????????,?????????????1?8,
    000????

12
11.2 ???????
  • ???????

?? 0.7
10, 10
??
????
?? 0.3
4, 4
???
?? 0.7
-10, -5
??
??
????
?? 0.3
???
-16, -11
?? 0.7
0, 30
????
??
???
???
?? 0.3
0, 24
?? 0.7
0, 5
??
????
?? 0.3
0, -1
13
11.2 ???????
  • ???????
  • ???????,????????????????,????????,???????????????
    ???8?2,000

14
11.3 ?????
  • ???(players)
  • ????????????????,?????????????????????
  • ??(nature)??????(pseudo-player)
  • ????????????????????????????????

15
11.3 ?????
  • ??(actions or moves)
  • ?????????????????
  • ?????(the order of play)
  • ??????,???????,???????,?????????????,????????

16
11.3 ?????
  • ??(payoff)
  • ?????????????????????????,????????????????
  • ????????????????????,?????????????????

17
11.3 ?????
  • ??(information)
  • ???????????,???????????????????????????
  • ???(information set)
  • ??????????????????????

18
11.3 ?????
  • ??(information)
  • ????(perfect information)
  • ????????????(???????????)?????????????
  • ????(complete information)
  • ??????????????????????????????????

19
11.3 ?????
  • ??(information)
  • ????(common knowledge)
  • ?????????,??????????????,????????????????????????
    ?

20
11.3 ?????
  • ??(strategies)
  • ???????????????????
  • ??????????????????????,?????????

21
11.3 ?????
  • ??(outcome)
  • ???????????????,????????????????????????

22
11.3 ?????
  • ??(equilibrium)
  • ??????????????
  • ?????????????,??????????????????????

23
11.3 ?????
  • ????????(instrumental rationality)?????
  • ?????????????,????????????????

24
11.3 ?????
  • ?????????????

???(completeness)
???(reflexivity)
???(transitivity)
???(continuity)
25
11.4 ?????
  • ??????????????
  • ????(simultaneous game)
  • ????????????????????????????????????????
  • ????(sequential game)
  • ???????????????,????????????????,?????

26
11.4 ?????
  • ???????????????
  • ?????(constant-sum game)
  • ????????????????,??????????
  • ???? (zero-sum game)
  • ???????????,?????????????

27
11.4 ?????
  • ???????
  • ?????(one-shot game)
  • ????????????,??????????
  • ????(repeat game)
  • ???????????????

28
11.4 ?????
  • ??????????????????
  • ??(signals)??
  • ??????????????????
  • ??(screening)
  • ???????????????????????

29
11.4 ?????
  • ???????????
  • ????(static game)
  • ??????????????????????????????
  • ????(dynamic game)
  • ???????????,????????????????,???????????

30
11.4 ?????
  • ????????????????????
  • ??????
  • ???????

31
11.4 ?????
  • ?????????,?????
  • ????????
  • ????????
  • ?????????
  • ?????????

32
11.4 ?????
  • ??????
  • ????(Nash Equilibrium)
  • ?????????(Subgame Perfect Nash Equilibrium)
  • ??????(Bayesian Nash Equilibrium)
  • ????????(Perfect Bayesian Nash Equilibrium)

33
11.4 ?????
  • ???????????

34
11.5 ????????
  • ????
  • ???????????,????????????????????,??????????????
  • ?????????????????

35
11.5 ????????
  • ???????????????

36
11.5 ????????
  • ????(Nash equilibrium)
  • ????????????????????????????,??????????

37
11.5 ????????
  • ???????????????

38
??????????
  • ????
  • ??
  • ??
  • ??

????
39
11.6 ???????
  • ????(Prisoner's Dilemma)
  • ???????????????????????????,??????????????

40
11.6 ???????
  • ????????

41
11.6 ???????
  • ????????????(?)
  • ???A?B????
  • ??(???)???(??,??)
  • ??A?B????????????
  • ????A?B?????????????????????

42
11.6 ???????
  • ????????????(?)
  • ??A?B?????????,????????????
  • ??A?B???????,???????????(A??,B??)???????????????
    ???

43
11.6 ???????
  • ????
  • ??????????????
  • ???????????????,??(Bertrand)???????????????????

44
11.6 ???????
  • ??????????

45
11.6 ???????
  • ????(sequential game)
  • ?????????????????,????????,?????

46
11.6 ???????
  • ????(Stackelberg)????????
  • ???????????????????????,?????????????????,???????
    ??,?????????????????

47
11.6 ???????
  • ???????????

48
11.6 ???????
  • ?????????

??????????????
49
??13?
  • ????
  • ????

????
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