Chapters 17

1
Western Europe During the Middle Ages

• Chapters 17 20

2

• Characteristics of the Middle Ages (500-1500
  C.E.)

Rome has fallen in the west. Early Medieval
Europe was politically unstable and characterized
by decentralization.
European people began a process of economic
recovery based on agriculture.
The Catholic Church provides religious leadership.
3

• Germanic Political Control in Western Europe

4

• I. Germanic Political Control

A. The Franks establish control in Western
Europe. 1. Clovis rules 481-511, and
establishes himself as a
political and military leader.
5
Germanic Successor States

• B. Carolingians take over
• 1. Charlemagne establishes
• centralized rule
• a. creates capital city
• b. regulated counts through the use of
  officers
• known as missi dominici

C. Made alliance with the western Christian
Church 1. Crowned emperor by Pope Leo III
D. Magyars bring end to Carolingian rule
local rulers assume control
6

• II. Economics of Western Europe

A. The Manorial System -The decentralized
political system fosters complex relationships
between lords, retainers, and serfs. 1.
Economic foundation based on agriculture. a.
technology supports agriculture 2. Rural
society allowed for sustainability, but did
not support cities or trade.
7
III. Western Europe and Christianity
A. Germanic groups were pagan upon invasions.
1. polytheism until adoption of Christianity
2. By 1000 C.E. Christianity has taken root
throughout Western Europe
B. The Papacy and Roman Catholicism 1. Pope
Gregory I (590-604) a. defended Rome,
asserted papal primacy, encouraged penance,
and led missions
8
III. Western Europe Religiously
C. Monasticism 1. Origins in Egypt 2.
Monastic lifestyle supported by economic
conditions in Western Europe.
9
III. Western Europe Religiously
C. Monasticism 1. Origins in Egypt 2.
Monastic lifestyle supported by economic
conditions in Western Europe.
D. Monastic Order 1. St Benedict - Created
the Rule to organize the monastic movement 2.
St. Scholastica adapted the Rule to apply to
women in convents
10
Ch.20 Western Europe The High Middle Ages
11
Increased Political Stability

• The emergence of regional states stabilizes W.
  Europe

12
The Relationship between Religious Secular
leaders

• Symbiotic Relationship
• Otto I of Saxony Pope John XII
• 962 C.E. - crowning of the Holy Roman Emperor

Adversarial Relationship Emperor Henry IV Pope
Gregory VII The practice of lay investiture in
the Holy Roman Empire
13
Western EuropeReligion

• Education
• Cathedral Schools
• Universities
• Paris
• Bologna, Padua
• Oxford, Cambridge
• Re-emergence of Greek Philosophy
• Aristotle
• Scholasticism

14
Religion continued.

• Popular Piety
• A. Sacraments holy rituals
• 1. Eucharist Wine Bread of Christ
• 2. Devotion to Saints
• a. Most Popular Virgin Mary
• b. Canonization Sainthood(100 miracles)

15
Dominicans Franciscans

• Domincans Franciscans
• A. No personal possessions
• B. Return to the Catholic Church
• C. Begged for Food
• Heresy acts, teachings
• against the Church

16
Agriculture The Foundation of Economic Recovery

• The Growth of Agriculture
• ______________ , _____________ ,
  _____________
• __________________
• __________________
• ___________________

17
Economic Growth

• Agricultural Economy
• A. As invasions population pressure
• B. Technology improves
• 1. Crop rotations
• 2. domestic animals
• 3. Manure
• 4. Fish Hatcheries
• 5. Books on agricultural methods
• 6. Plows
• 7. Horseshoe Horse Collar

18
Economic Growth

• Independence of Cities
• ? power opportunity for merchant working
  class
• Guilds
• ? power opportunity for women

19
Urbanization

• Cities
• A. Paris, London, Toledo
• B. Textile production
• 1. Wool clothes (Niche)
• C. Market Fairs
• 1. Dominant in Italy (Ports)
• a. Olive oil, salt, wine, wool, glass,
  etc.
• 1. Hanseatic League (Association of
  trading cities in the Baltic North Sea)
• D. Credit Banking

20
Western EuropeSocial Changes

• The Three Estates
• First - Those who Pray
• Second - Those who fight
• Third - Those who work
• Chivalry is a desire and willingness to perform
  spiritual, often ascetic rituals
• Troubadours traveling poets