English/British Colonies and Colonization

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English/British Colonies and Colonization

• Ideas, Institutions, Initiatives, Consequences

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Myth and Reality of English HistoryThe Idea of
Liberties

• Magna Carta
• Tudor Revolution in Government
• James Stuart (1603-1625)
• Struggles with Parliament

• Charles I (1625-1649)
• Interregnum and Cromwell
• Charles II (1660-1685)
• James II
• Glorious Revolution

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James I and Cromwell
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Capitalists and Puritans English Enterprise

• Max Webers thesis
• Enclosure Movement
• Joint Stock Companies
• Puritans and Capitalists in the House of Commons

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English Colonization

• In part, English policies in North America were
  the extension of policies with the Irish
• Virginia Company
• First Colony of London (Settled Jamestown)
• First Colony of Plymouth (Settled Massachusetts)

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Virginia

• Jamestown1607
• Time of StarvingJohn Smith
• 1619 was key year (women, representative local
  government, arrival of Africans)
• 1622Opechancanough and allies exact retribution
  on Jamestown
• 1624Virginia becomes a Royal Colony

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Virginia

• William BerkleyRoyal Governor 1642-1676
• Bacons Rebellion

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Slavery

• 1660 Slave Codes
• Dura Vitae
• Why slavery?

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Plymouth

• Separatist Colony founded in 1620
• Mayflower Compact
• Thanksgiving
• Plymouth Rock (We didnt land on Plymouth Rock
  Plymouth Rock landed on us.Malcolm X)

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Massachusetts Bay

• Settled in 1630
• Puritan City on a Hill
• John Winthrop and Christian Magistracy
• Struggles with Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson
• Half-Way Covenant

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John Winthrop and the City on A HillMatthew
514 "You are the light of the world. A city on a
hill cannot be hidden."
The eyes of all people are upon us, so that if we
shall deal falsely with our God in this work we
have undertaken, and so cause him to withdraw his
present help from us, we shall be made a story
and byword throughout the world we shall open
the mouths of enemies to speak evil of the ways
of God and all believers for God's sake we shall
shame the faces of many of God's worthy servants,
and cause their prayers to be turned into curses
upon us, until we are consumed out of the good
land to which we are going... For this end we
must be knit together. We must entertain each
other in brotherly affection. We must be willing
to give up our superfluities to supply others'
necessities...We must delight in each other make
others' conditions our own rejoice together,
mourn together, labor and suffer together... So
shall we keep the unity of the spirit in the bond
of peace. The Lord will be our God, and...make us
a praise and a glory, that men shall say of later
plantations, "May the Lord make it like that of
New England."
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Anne Hutchinson
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John Winthrops Charges Against Anne Hutchinson
Mrs Hutchinson, you are called here as one of
those that have troubled the peace of the
commonwealth and the churches here you are known
to be a woman that hath had a great share in the
promoting and divulging of those opinions that
are the cause of this trouble, and to be nearly
joined not only in affinity and affection with
some of those the court had taken notice of and
passed censure upon, but you have spoken divers
things, as we have been informed, very
prejudicial to the honour of the churches and
ministers thereof, and you have maintained a
meeting and an assembly in your house that hath
been condemned by the general assembly as a thing
not tolerable nor comely in the sight of God nor
fitting for your sex, and notwithstanding that
was cried down you have continued the same.
Therefore we have thought good to send for you to
understand how things are, that if you be in an
erroneous way we may reduce you that so you may
become a profitable member here among us.
Otherwise if you be obstinate in your course that
then the court may take such course that you may
trouble us no further. Therefore I would intreat
you to express whether you do assent and hold in
practice to those opinions and factions that have
been handled in court already, that is to say,
whether you do not justify Mr. Wheelwright's
sermon and the petition.
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Pequot War-1637

• Began with allegations of an Indians murdering a
  white settler.
• Colonists in Massachusetts and Connecticut,
  assisted by the Narragansets, exterminated many
  Pequots
• Colonists believed they were justified in
  removing savages from lands given to them by
  God.

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King Philips War

• Uneasy relations between Native Peoples and
  Expanding Puritans
• Murder of Praying Indian John Sassamon
• Colonists sought to hang three Wampanoags for
  killing Sassamon
• Metacom and his followers attacked.
• Bloody War but broke ability of Indians to resist
  white encroachment

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Other Colonies

• Marylandhaven for Catholics/first proprietary
  colony
• Rhode Islandhaven for dissenters from
  Massachusetts Bay Colony
• PennsylvaniaQuaker Colonyreligious
  tolerationmost diverse
• New YorkDutch first, then English
• Carolinasslavery system imported from
  CaribbeanYamassee War (1715-17)
• Georgiaoriginally a debtor colony

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Iroquois League

• Major player by 1650 with British and
  FrenchControl of St. Lawrence, Great Lakes, and
  Ohio Valley
• Failure to defeat French and their allies lead to
  neutrality.
• Iroquois try to play English against French

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Conclusions

• Emergence of slavery
• Concept of Permanent Indian Frontier
• Local Government
• Religious Pluralism

• Regional Differences emerged
• Colonies would be biologically self-sustaining