Cycling of Matter 4.3

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Cycling of Matter 4.3biogeochemical
cycles

1. WATER
2. CARBON-OXYGEN
3. NITROGEN
4. PHOSPHORUS

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WATER (H20) CYCLE

• The continual movement of H20 from the Earths
  surface and oceans to the atmosphere and back to
  the surface and oceans again.
• Powered by the sun (solar energy) which causes
  evaporation transpiration (water loss from
  plants).
• Cells 70-90 waterEarth 75 water
• water is a KEY factor in terrestrial
  ecosystems!!

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DRAW IT!! ? PosterBLUE ARROWS

• precipitation (forms rain, snow, sleet, hail,
  fog)
• transpiration (aka evapotranspiration)
• evaporation
• runoff
• water vapor
• percolation (water into soil)
• ground water (water in soil)

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CARBON (C) CYCLE

• CO2 to plants ? photosynthesis (requires sunlight
  and H20 too!) ? carbohydrates
• carbohydrates? consumers (AND PLANTS!) ?
  respiration
• respiration?back to CO2 and biomass.

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• PHOTOSYNTHESIS stores solar energy in the form of
  C-C bonds in organic compounds (glucose!).
• RESPIRATION releases chemical bond energy and
  makes it available (usable) to cellscells need
  energy to grow, develop, reproduce, respond,
  maintain homeostasis, etc.
• Sources all organisms (including decomposers),
  natural burning, power plant / factory / vehicle
  emissions.

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DRAW IT!! ?FoldNotesBLACK ARROWS

• Photosynthesis
• Cellular respiration (CR)
• Decomposition (CR) bacteria fungi in soil
• Combustion
• Food chain (consumerspart of CR)
• CO2 , O2, H20, Sun

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NITROGEN (N) CYCLE

• Air contains 78 N2 gas
• N2 gas must be converted into other compounds
  (nitrates) before it can be used by plants called
  nitrogen fixation (done by bacteria) ? then by
  other living things.
• Plants use the nitrogen compounds they absorb
  through their roots (a process called
  assimilation) to make amino acids, proteins, and
  other important substances. Animals get the
  nitrogen they need by consuming plants or
  organisms that consume plants.

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Others!

• Decomposers play an important role by breaking
  down N-containing animal wastes and the remains
  of dead organisms ? similar process to
  nitrification.
• Another type of bacteria converts some of the
  ammonia and nitrates into free N2 gas ? back into
  atmospherethis is called denitrification.

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DRAW IT!! ?FoldNotesGREEN ARROWS

• Ammonia
• N2 (nitrogen gas), H20
• Nitrogen fixation
• Denitrification
• Nitrogen-fixing bacteria
• Nitrates
• Assimilation (occurs through plant roots)
• Denitrifying bacteria
• Decomposers
• Death/waste

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PHOSPHORUS (P) CYCLE

• P is a component of ATP (energy storing compound
  used by cells)
• and is a component of DNA (genetic code)
• Found in soil and rock as calcium phosphate which
  dissolves in H20 to form phosphate ? plants
  absorb through their roots ? animals eat plants
  (P is transferred) ? animals and plants die ?
  phosphorus is returned to soil.

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http//www.marietta.edu/biol/102/ecosystem.htmlt
op
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DRAW IT!! ?

• FoldNotesRED ARROWS
• Key words on previous slide.