Pending!

1
(?S)U,V0
Pending!
2
3.8 Helmholtz / Gibbs energies and their
applications
, equilibrium(reversible) lt, spontaneous
3
Gibbs energies
, equilibrium(reversible) lt, spontaneous
4
Understanding about A and G State
function Variation driving force
Energy---Work function
5
Calculation of ?A and ?G
Due to Calculating work

• AU-TS GH-TS

Due to calculating ?U,?H,?S
relating
Q, W, ?U, ?H, ?S, ?A, ?G
6
Application Predict the available maximum work

• CH4(g)2O2 CO2(g)2H2O
  Methane

7

• 1mol supercooled water get frozen at 268K and
  101325 Pa, the Wf,max, Wmax?

8
Predict the reaction direction
W0
?G8285J gt 0
9
U, H, S, A, G, CP, CV, T, P, V
3.9 Thermodynamic relationships

• Ten functions

All state functions
Closed system, no phase transformation, no
chemical reaction, no composition change, 2
independent parameters
Characteristic functions ----Massieu
10

The fundamental equations
Definitions
W0 Closed system
11
Related Coefficient equations
State variation only
12
The Maxwell relations
T P V S
13
Other mathematical relations
14
Heat capacity relations
15
3.10 Properties of the Gibbs energy G(T, P, V)
State variation
Phase transformation or reactionA?B ?G GB
GA
16
Homework

• Y P76 23, 25, P77 28 P79 33 P8037
• A P132-134 5.11, 5.18, 5.31
• Preview
• A 7.1-7.3
• Y3.1-3.4
• Group discussion
• I Approaches to decrease greenhouse gas and save
  energy.
• II Understanding about the orderly assembly
  phenomenon in nature( entropy principle)
• III Where would the world go? Introduction about
  the dissipative structure principle.