Age of Nationalism

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Age of Nationalism
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France of Napoleon III

• Used liberal and nationalistic forces to
  strengthen his own power
• 2nd Empire - wins support of people
• Gov looked liberal but strongly authoritarian
• kept constitution, leg, universal male suffrage
• Nap. controlled armed forces, secret police and
  legislature could not initiate leg or budget

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2nd Empire Domestic Policies

• Gov to spur economy - railroads, harbors, canals
• hospitals and free medicine for working class
• reconstruction of city of Paris - broad streets
• 1860s liberalization
• legalize trade unions and right to strike
• Leg Corps given more say in affairs of state

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Foreign Policy Failures

• Crimean War - Eastern Question - instability of
  Ottoman Empire (1853-1856)
• Major Powers compete for political and economic
  interests in region
• 1853 spark - Russia wants right to protect
  Christian shrines in Palestine
• GB FR declare war on Russia to balance
• Rus expected help from Austria but no dice

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Crimean War cont.

• Nicholas I dies during war Alexander II calls for
  peace
• Effects
• destroyed Concert of Europe
• Rus pulls back to get house in order
• GB pulls back from Continental affairs
• Aus w/o friends - conditions for IT GER
  unification

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Unification of Italy

• Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont leads w/ new king -
  Victor Emanuel II - Cavour his Prime Min.
• Cavour - goal of unified N. Italy -
  constitutional monarchy
• gets Nap III to help but backs out
• only gains Lombardy
• 1860 nationalist uprisings other northern states
  join Piedmont

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Enter Garibaldi

• Old School from Mazzinis Young Italy
• Red Shirts - 1860 - 1,000 strong move north
• Cavour gets Garibaldi to yield - fear French
  would get involved if march on Rome
• 1861 Kingdom of Italy minus Rome Venetia
• still small minority of men vote class division
  industrial N vs agrarian S

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German Unification

• Prussia takes the lead - Zollverein 1834
• universal male suffrage, industrial success
• 1861 King William I - wants to reform army
• appoints Otto von Bismarck PM
• Biz - Realpolitik - resubmits army bill w/ iron
  and blood speech
• rejected but starts army reform anyway

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Biznass - the game chose him

• Utilize diplomacy/politics - get enemy 1 v 1
• Danish War - provide source for later war w/
  Austria
• Isolates Austria
• Rus - no problem still hacked about Crimea
• FR - Nap III promised land in Rhineland
• IT - Promised Venetia if Aus lost

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Austro-Prussian War

• Prussian military reforms pay off
• Biz not want to punish Aus too harshly
• Aus lost Venetia to Italy
• States N of Main River - German Confed
• States S - military alliance w/ Prussia
• Turning Point in Domestic Affairs - nationalism
  wins out - trumps liberalism

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Franco-Prussian War

• France not excited by idea of German Uni
• Nap III - opposed Hohenzollern candidate for
  Spanish crown
• Biz goads France into war - Ems Telegram
• Biz wanted S. German states to join
• France declares war - loses in months

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Results

• End of 2nd Republic in France
• pay 5 billion francs
• Give up A L source of anger later
• S. German states join confederation
• William I - kaiser of 2nd Reich
• Bundesrat - elected by states
• Reichstag - popularly elected