The Islamic Empire

1
The Islamic Empire
Expansion under the Prophet Mohammad,
612-632 Expansion during the Rightly Guided
Caliphate, 635-661 Expansion during the Umayyad
Caliphate, 661-750
2
Basic Muslim Beliefs

• Islam means literally, Surrender.
• Only one god The creator, sustainer, and
  restorer of the world
• Gods will is shown through the Quran, or Koran
• All must submit to Gods will

3
Muhammad

• The man who the Quran was revealed to
• The founder and spiritual leader of Islam
• Born in Mecca, Arabia, around 570 CE
• Believed to be the last of Gods prophets
• An (the?) Islamic line of prophets Adam, Noah,
  Abraham, Moses, Jesus

4
The Islamic Golden Age

• (8th-13th centuries)

5
The Center of the Known World

• The Islamic world was between Africa, Asia, and
  Europe, making it a popular trade destination
• Goods, languages, and ideas all came to the
  Middle East

6
Food and Farming

• Advanced systems of
• Crop rotation
• Irrigation
• Study of diverse crops
• Citrus fruits came from China
• Mangos, rice, and sugar cane from India

7
Womens Freedoms

• Women were allowed to work in a wide variety of
  jobs

8
Public Works

• Muslims created the first
• Public Hospital
• Public Library
• University
• Observatory

9
Islamic Globalization

• Globalization is combining economies from around
  the globe
• Involved formerly isolated civilizations in huge
  business network

10
Capitalism

• The following modern economic elements were
  already used during the Islamic Golden Age
• Free markets
• Big businesses
• Savings accounts
• Checks
• Credit
• Contracts
• Lawsuits

11
Inventions

• Soap bar
• Shampoo
• Hard alcohol
• Coffee (brought from Ethiopia)
• Windmill
• Pleasure gardens
• Filtration

12
Arabic Mathematics

• Hindu-Arabic Numeral System
• Decimal Point
• Invented Algebra

13
How does Math Improve a Society?

• Advanced math means more possibilities for
• Engineering
• Science
• Economics

14
Engineering

• Water filtration
• Anything that requires construction (Most of
  everything that you can see right now required
  engineering)
• Buildings

15
Kharaghan twin towers, Qazvin province, 1067 AD,
Iran.
16
Science Out with the Old

• The scientific method was used to disprove old
  ideas and prove new ones
• Alchemy European science that tried to turn
  basic metals into gold. Also tried to cure
  diseases, and extend life.
• Alchemy was first disproven by al-Kindi, then
  other Arabs
• The Greek classical elements, (Earth, air,
  fire, etc.) were disproven by al-Razi.

17
And in with the New

• Ibn al-Haytham proved that vision was caused by
  light rays entering the eye
• Momentum and inertia discovered by Haytham and
  Avicenna
• Another Arab discovered that objects in space
  followed the same physical laws as the Earth

18
Muslim Medicine

• Used science to treat injuries and cure illnesses
  instead of superstition
• Discovered that microorganisms caused infectious
  disease
• Separated ppl with diff. diseases
• Proved that the Greek idea that the human body
  was made up of only four things was wrong

19
Muslim Medical Firsts

• Hospital
• Medical School
• Autopsy
• Experimental surgery
• Pathologists

20
Is Islam Itself Responsible?

• Turn and talk with ONE person about whether or
  not you think Islam is responsible for all these
  great advancements