Male and Female Reproductive Organs

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Male and Female Reproductive Organs
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Male Reproductive System

• Sperm-sex cells that are produced by the testes
  and is needed to fertilize an egg.
• Testes(testicles)-make sperm and testosterone
• The testes start producing sperm at puberty and
  the duration of a males livelihood.
• The testes produce several hundred million sperm
  each day.

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Male Reproductive System

• Testosterone- major sex horomone. At puberty it
  causes facial and body hair, deepening of the
  voice, and also influences sperm production.

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Male Reproductive System

• Scrotum- this is where the two testes rest.
• There are small muscles in the scrotum that move
  the testes closer or further from the body.
• This movement keeps the sperm cooler because
  sperm cannot develop properly at the higher inner
  body temp.

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Male Reproductive System

• Penis-male reproductive organ that removes urine
  from the body and that can deliver sperm to the
  vagina.
• Made of soft tissue and blood vessels
• During sexual activity the penis becomes erect.
  Also known as an erection.

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Male Reproductive System

• The erection occurs because the blood vessels in
  the penis fill with blood.
• Once the penis is erect, ejaculation can take
  place
• Ejaculation-when sperm is released from the penis.

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Male Reproductive System

• Sometimes males ejaculate when they sleep this
  is normal. This is called nocturnal emissions or
  wet dreams.
• The tip of the penis is covered by foreskin but
  is sometimes removed after birth in a procedure
  called a circumcision.

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Male Reproductive System

• The mixture of sperm and other secretions from
  the male reproductive organs is a fluid known as
  semen.
• The path of the sperm goes as followed
  testes-epididymis-van deferens-seminal
  vesicles-prostate gland-bulbourethral glands

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Problems

• Jock Itch-fungal infection
• Cystits-inflammation of urinary bladder due to
  bacterial infection.
• Prostatitis-bacterial infection of prostate
• Hernia-bulging portion in abdomen,groin,or
  scrotum

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Problems

• Testicular torsion-twisting of testis on the
  nerves and blood vessels attached to it
• Undescended testes-faliure of one or both testes
  to move from the abdomen to the scrotum.
• Prostate and Testicular cancer.

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Performing Testicular Check-Up

• Perform self-exam during or after a warm bath or
  shower.
• Examine each testicle seperately. Roll each
  testicle gently between fingers.
• Look and feel for any lumps or any change in
  size, shape, or consistency of testicle
• Contact doctor if any trouble.

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Female Reproductive System

• The function of the system is to make eggs and to
  provide a place to support and nourish a
  developing human.
• Breasts are considered secondary reproductive
  organs.

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Female Reproductive System

• Two Ovaries.
• Ovaries-produce eggs and the hormones estrogen
  and progesterone.
• Eggs are fertilized by sperm
• All the eggs that a female will ever have are in
  her two ovaries when she is born.

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Female Reproductive Organ

• Estrogen-causes reproductive organs to mature,
  pubic and underarm hair to grow, and helps
  strengthens bones.
• Estrogen and Progesterone regulate the monthly
  release of an egg and prepare the body for
  pregnancy.

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Female Reproductive System

• Vagina-connects the outside of the body to the
  uterus and receives sperm. Also allows menstrual
  flow to exit the body and is part of the birth
  canal where the baby is delivered.

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Female Reproductive System

• Above the vagina is the urethra, where urine is
  dispensed.
• Fallopian Tubes-transport the eggs from the ovary
  to the uterus.
• Uterus-place to support a developing human.
• Cervix-uterus meets the vagina

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Female Reproductive system

• Menstrual Cycle-monthly series of hormone
  controlled changes that prepare the uterine
  lining for pregnancy.
• Ovulation-release of an egg
• Before ovulation estrogen levels rise and causes
  the uterine lining to thicken.

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Female Reproductive System

• If the egg does not become fertile then estrogen
  and progesterone levels drop, thus causing
  menstruation to take place.
• Menstruation typically lasts 3-7 days. During
  this time females use tampons or sanitary pads.

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Problems

• Cystitis-inflammation of urinary bladder
• Vaginitis-vaginal infection by fungus or
  bacteria.
• Delayed Puberty-anorexia,excessive weight loss
  and/or overexercise
• Menstrual Cramps

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Problems

• PMS-mental and physical changes related to
  menstrual cycle.
• Toxic Shock Syndrome-poisoning of body from
  bacterial toxins related to tampons
• Endometriosis-growth of tissue from uterine
  lining outside the uterus

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Problem

• Ovarian Cyst-failure of follicle in ovary to
  rupture and release an egg
• Cervical Cancer-abnormal division of cells in the
  cervix.

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Annual Pelvic Exam

• Doctor should exam the breast and genital area
  and a pap smear.
• Pap Smear-examines the cells of the cervix. This
  exam is important for detecting and preventing
  cervical cancer.

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Breast Self-Exam

• Perform during or after a warm bath or shower.
• Place one hand over your head and use the other
  hand to examine the breast.
• Squeeze the nipple and look for unusual discharge.

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Breast Self-Exam

• Check breast for swelling, dimpling, or scaliness
• Feel each breast for unusual lumps or thickening
  under the skin.
• Check under the armpits and b/t armpits and
  breasts.