Irony

1
Irony

• The contrast or discrepancy between appearances
  and reality, between what is expected and the
  outcome.

2
Verbal Irony

• Verbal irony is a disparity of expression and
  intention when a speaker says one thing but
  means another, or when a literal meaning is
  contrary to its intended effect. An example of
  this is sarcasm.

3
Verbal Irony

• We hear verbal irony in conversations all the
  time. The simple comment, "Oh Great" after
  something rotten happens is verbal irony. Verbal
  irony is by far the most accessible,
  far-reaching, and heavily utilized form of irony
  (and also of sarcastic humor) because it is its
  simplest form - it just involves the equation of
  two people talking to one another.

4
Verbal Irony

• A person says one thing and means another
  (sarcasm)

Scar explains that a secret surprise for Simba is
"To DIE for". The irony being that the surprise
is a stampede of wildebeast meant to kill Simba.
5
Verbal Irony
6
Situational Irony

• An outcome that turns out to be if not the
  opposite, at least completely different than the
  expected.

After Gus Grissom's first flight into space, the
hatch on his spacecraft accidentally blew off
while Grissom was waiting for a rescue
helicopter, causing the capsule to fill with
ocean water and sink and Grissom to nearly drown.
The hatch system was re-designed to prevent
similar accidents. while training for his third
spaceflight, a fire broke out inside Grissom's
spacecraft, The hatch redesign triggered by the
accident with Grissom's first spacecraft, meant
to help save astronaut's lives, prevented Grissom
from being rescued in the subsequent fire
accident.
7
Situational Irony
After breaking a date with your girlfriend so
you can go to the ball game with the guys. Who do
you run into at the concession stand? Your
girlfriend with another guy from math class.
After burning the midnight oil, staying up all
night studying for a test. Lo and behold the test
is actually scheduled for next week.
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Situational Irony
9
Dramatic Irony

• Occurs when the audience knows something that the
  characters do not.

Examples - In slasher movies, when the audience
know whats around the corner, but the poor
babysitter doesnt. - In Romeo Juliet, when
Romeo drinks the poison because he thinks Juliet
is dead, but the audience knows that she is only
asleep.
10
Cosmic Irony

• Cosmic Irony the idea that fate, destiny, or a
  god controls and toys with human hopes and
  expectations also, the belief that the universe
  is so large and man is so small that the universe
  is indifferent to the plight of man sometimes
  called irony of fate.
• Importing Cane Toads to Australia to protect the
  environment only to create worse environmental
  problems for Australia.
• Several inventors were killed by their own
  creations, including William Nelson, Alexander
  Bogdanov, William Bullock, Otto Lilienthal, and
  Thomas Midgley.

11
Cosmic Irony

• The expression irony of fate stems from the
  notion that the gods are amusing themselves by
  toying with the minds of mortals. Closely
  connected with situational irony, it arises from
  sharp contrasts between reality and human ideals.

In O. Henry's story The Gift of the Magi, a young
couple are too poor to buy each other Christmas
gifts. The wife cuts off her treasured hair and
sells it to a wig-maker buy her husband a chain
for his heirloom pocket watch. She's shocked when
she learns he had pawned his watch to buy her a
set of combs for her long, beautiful, prized
hair.
12
Romantic Irony

• A mode of dramatic or narrative writing in which
  the author builds up artistic illusions, only to
  break it down by revealing that the author, as
  artist is the arbitrary creator and manipulator
  of the characters and their actions.

13
In Don Juan, the author Byron claims to be
writing a realistic story but at one point admits
that he got the idea from a puppet show.
Romantic Irony