Major Animal Phyla

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Major Animal Phyla

• Biology 103 Animal Lab

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Phylum Porifera

• Sponges
• Asymmetrical or Radial symmetry
• No organs
• Most are Marine
• Sessile filter-feeders
• Asexual Reproduction
• Fragmentation
• Sexual Reproduction
• Hermaphrodites

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Phylum Cnidaria

• Cnidarians
• Ex. Hydra, Jellyfish, corals, sea anemone
• Radial symmetry
• Mostly Marine
• Have Nerve Cells
• Nematocysts stinging tentacles
• 2 Body Forms
• Polyp
• Medusa

Polyp
Medusa
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Phylum Platyhelminthes

• Flatworms
• Bilateral Symmetry
• Definite Head
• Thin, solid body
• Excretory and Digestive System
• Oxygen by diffusion
• Hermaphrodites
• Ex. Planaria, flukes, tapeworms

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Phylum Nemotoda

• Roundworms
• Bilateral symmetry
• Tough outer covering
• 2 openings
• Tube-like digestive system
• Separate sexes
• Ex. Nematodes, hookworms, pinworms

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Phylum Mollusca

• Bilateral symmetry
• Mostly Marine
• 3 body parts foot, visceral mass, mantle
• Have heart digestive, excretory, and open
  circulatory systems gills
• Mostly separate sexes
• Ex. Snails(gastropods), slugs, squid(cephalopods),
  octopus, clams(bivalves), oysters

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Phylum Annelida

• Segmented worms
• Aquatic and terrestrial
• 2 body openings
• Have nervous, digestive, excretory, and closed
  circulatory systems head, nephridia
• Ex. Earthworms, leeches, nereis

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Phylum Arthropoda

• Jointed appendages
• Bilateral symmetry
• Exoskeleton
• Separate sexes internal fertilization in most
• Most diverse phyla
• 4 classes (next 4 slides)

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Arachnids

• 2 body sections
• 2 pairs of mouth parts (chelicerae)
• 8 legs
• Ex. Spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions

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Crustaceans

• 2 pair of antennae
• Aquatic except for pill bug
• Ex. Crabs, lobster, barnacles, shrimp

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Myriapods

• Many legs
• Ex. Millipedes Centipedes

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Insects

• 6 legs
• 3 body sections
• Ex. Grasshopper, bee, butterfly

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Phylum Echinodermata

• Spiny skin
• Bilateral symmetry as larvae
• Radial Symmetry as adult
• Separate sexes
• Endoskeleton
• Marine
• Ex. Starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars

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Phylum Chordata (vertebrates)

• Notochord (nerve cord)
• No vertebrae
• Gill slits
• Ex. Sea squirts, lancelets

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Phylum Chordata (Vertebrates)

• Have backbone (vertebrae)
• Dorsal nerve cord
• Bilateral symmetry
• Closed circulatory system
• Brain
• 7 classes (next 5 slides)

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Fish

• Class Agnatha Jawless fish
• Class Chondrichthyes Cartilaginous fish
  (sharks, rays)
• Class Osteichthyes Bony fish

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Class Amphibia

• Amphibians
• Must return to water to reproduce
• Aquatic larvae
• Semi-terrestrial adult
• Moist habitat
• Ex. Frogs, salamanders

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Class Reptilia

• Reptiles
• Dry, scaly skin
• 3-chambered heart
• Lays amniotic egg on land
• Ectotherms (body temp. depends on environment
• Ex. Lizards, snakes, turtles

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Class Aves

• Birds
• Endotherms (Internal body heat)
• Feathers
• Hollow bones
• 4-chambered heart

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Class Mammalia

• Mammals
• Endotherms
• Hair
• Milk produced in mammary glands
• Nurse young
• 4-chambered heart
• Live birth for most mammals
• Highly developed brains
• Ex. Mice, Whales, Humans