ANIMAL KINGDOM - THE INVERTEBRATES E. PHYLUM ANNELIDA

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Figure 33.0 Ochre sea stars, Pisaster ochraceus
ANIMAL KINGDOM - THE INVERTEBRATES
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I. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMALS

• Characteristics
• All are multicellular heterotrophs
• Cells are supported by collagen
• Diploid and usually reproduce sexually
• Most have HOX genes (homeotic genes that control
  development)

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I. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMALS

• B. Symmetry
• asymmetrical no symmetry
• radial symmetry have body parts arranged in a
  circle around an axis
• bilateral symmetry can be divided equally along
  only one plane, splits animal into mirror-image
  sides
• Most have distinct head/tail, belly/back

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Symmetry
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I. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMALS

• C. Directions
• dorsal (back)
• ventral (belly)
• anterior (head)
• posterior (tail)

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1. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMALS

• D. Development
• 1. Cleavage 8 cell cleavage
• 2. Morphogenesis
• 3. Neuralation
• Protostomes (mouth is formed first, anus second)
  vs. Deuterostomes

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1. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMALS

• F. Body Plans
• acoelomate fluid filled space with no muscle
• pseudocoelom fluid filled space that is not
  completely surrounded by muscle (roundworms)
• coelom a fluid filled space that is completely
  surrounded by muscle (earthworms)
• acts as a hydrostatic skeleton (like a water
  balloon)

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I. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMALS

• F. Body Plans
• acoelomate pseudocoelom coelom

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I. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMALS

• F. Animal Protection Support
• Exoskeleton
• Endoskeleton
• G. Two major groups of animals
• Invertebrates
• Vertebrates

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II. CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS - MAJOR PHYLA

• A. PHYLUM PORIFERA
• Pore-bearers

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Figure 33.2 Sponges
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Figure 33.3 Anatomy of a sponge
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II. CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS - MAJOR PHYLA

• B. PHYLUM CNIDARIA
• Stinging

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Table 33.1 Classes of Phylum Cnidaria
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Figure 33.6 Cnidarians Hydrozoans (top left),
jelly (top right), sea anemone (bottom left),
coral polyps (bottom right)
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Figure 33.4 Polyp and medusa forms of cnidarians
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Figure 33.4bx Jelly medusa
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Figure 33.5 A cnidocyte of a hydra
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Figure 33.6bx Purple striped jelly, Pelagia
panopyra
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Figure 33.6cx Sea anemones
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Figure 33.6dx Coral polyps
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Figure 33.7 The life cycle of the hydrozoan
Obelia (Layer 3)
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Figure 33.8 A ctenophore, or comb jelly
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Figure 33.8x2 Ctenophore
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II. CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS - MAJOR PHYLA

• C. PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES
• Flatworms

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Table 33.2 Classes of Phylum Platyhelminthes
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Figure 33.9x A flatworm
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Figure 33.10 Anatomy of a planarian
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Figure 33.11 The life history of a blood fluke,
Schistosoma mansoni
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Figure 33.12 Anatomy of a tapeworm
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Figure 33.13 A rotifer
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Figure 33.14 Lophophorates Bryozoan (left),
brachiopod (right)
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II. CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS - MAJOR PHYLA

• D. PHYLUM NEMATODA
• Roundworms

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Figure 33.25a Free-living nematode
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Figure 33.25ax Nematode, C. elegans
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Figure 33.25b Parasite nematode, Trichinella
spiralis
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II. CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS - MAJOR PHYLA

• E. PHYLUM ANNELIDA
• Segmented Worms

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Table 33.4 Classes of Phylum Annelida
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Figure 33.24 Annelids, the segmented worms
Polychaete (left), feather-duster worm (middle),
leech (right)
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Figure 33.23x External anatomy of an earthworm
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Figure 33.23 Anatomy of an earthworm
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Figure 33.24cx Christmas-tree worms
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II. CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS - MAJOR PHYLA

• F. PHYLUM MOLLUSCA
• Soft Body

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Table 33.3 Major Classes of Phylum Mollusca
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Figure 33.19 Gastropods Nudibranchs (top left
and bottom left), terrestrial snail (bottom
left), deer cowrie (bottom right)
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Figure 33.18x Garden snail
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Figure 33.20 A bivalve Scallop
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Figure 33.21 Anatomy of a clam
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Figure 33.22 Cephalopods Squid (top left and
bottom left), nautilus (top right), octopus
(bottom right)
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II. CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS - MAJOR PHYLA

• G. PHYLUM ARTHROPODA
• Jointed foot

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Table 33.5 Some Major Arthropod Classes
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Figure 33.26 External anatomy of an arthropod
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Figure 33.27 A trilobite fossil
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Figure 33.28 Horseshoe crabs, Limulus polyphemus
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Figure 33.29 Arachnids Scorpion (left),
honeybee air tube filled with parasitic mites
(right)
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Figure 33.30x Lycosid spider female with
offspring
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Figure 33.31a Class Dipolopoda (millipedes)
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Figure 33.32 Insect flight, dragonfly
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Figure 33.x1 Insecta beetle
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Figure 33.33 Anatomy of a grasshopper, an insect
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Figure 33.34 Metamorphosis of a butterfly
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Figure 33.35 Crustaceans Lobster (top left),
banded coral shrimp (bottom left), barnacles
(right)
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II. CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS - MAJOR PHYLA

• H. PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA
• Spiny-skinned

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Figure 33.37 Echinoderms Sea star (top left),
brittle star (top right), sea urchin (bottom
left), sea lily (bottom right),
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Figure 33.37ax Blood star, Hencricia levisuscula
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Figure 33.38 Anatomy of a sea star