1st and 2nd Declension Nouns and Adjectives

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1st and 2nd DeclensionNouns and Adjectives

• Latin II Grammar Review Lesson 1a

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Latin the Basics

• Latin II Grammar Review
• Review of Case Usage

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Case Usage

• In English, word order determines the meaning of
  a sentence.
• In Latin, case endings determine the meaning.
• The boy killed the deer with a single arrow.
• The word order paints a clear picture.

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Case Usage

• What if the words were rearranged?
• With a single boy the deer killed the arrow.
• Do these sentences convey the same meaning?

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Case Usage

• Moral of the Story
• Dont read Latin the same way you read English.
• Dont use word order to translate a sentence, use
  case endings.

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Case Usage

• The Cases
• Nominative Subject (a, an, the)
• Genitive Possession (of)
• Dative Indirect Object (to/for)
• Accusative Direct Object (a, an, the)
• Ablative Object of Prepositions (by/with)

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Declining Latin Nouns

• The Basic Formula
• Noun Stem Declension Ending
• Agricola, agricolae
• Stem agricol-
• Puer, pueri
• Stem puer-
• Servus, servi
• Stem serv-

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First Declension Nouns

• Latin II Grammar Review
• Declining 1st Declension Nouns

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First Declension Endings

• Singular Plural
• Nominative -a -ae
• Genitive -ae -arum
• Dative -ae -is
• Accusative -am -as
• Ablative -a -is

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Declining First Declensionagricola, agricolae

• Singular
• Nominative agricol a
• Genitive agricol ae
• Dative agricol ae
• Accusative agricol am
• Ablative agricol a

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Declining First Declensionagricola, agricolae

• Plural
• Nominative agricol ae
• Genitive agricol arum
• Dative agricol is
• Accusative agricol as
• Ablative agricol is

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Declining First Declension

• Singular Plural English
• agricola agricolae the farmer(s)
• agricolae agricolarum of the farmer(s)
• agricolae agricolis to/for the farmer(s)
• agricolam agricolas the farmer(s)
• agricola agricolis by/with the farmer(s)

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Second Declension Masculine

• Latin II Grammar Review
• Declining 2nd Declension Nouns

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Second Declension Masculine Endings

• Singular Plural
• Nominative -us/-er -i
• Genitive -i -orum
• Dative -o -is
• Accusative -um -os
• Ablative -o -is

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Declining Second Declensionservus, servi (stem
serv-)

• Singular
• Nominative serv us
• Genitive serv i
• Dative serv o
• Accusative serv um
• Ablative serv o

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Declining Second Declensionservus, servi (stem
serv-)

• Plural
• Nominative serv i
• Genitive serv orum
• Dative serv is
• Accusative serv os
• Ablative serv is

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Declining Second Declension

• Singular Plural English
• servus servi the slave(s)
• servi servorum of the slave(s)
• servo servis to/for the slave(s)
• servum servos the slave(s)
• servo servis by/with the slave(s)

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2nd Declension Neuter

• Latin II Grammar Review
• Declining 2nd Declension Nouns (cont.)

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Second Declension Neuter Endings

• Singular Plural
• Nominative -um -a
• Genitive -i -orum
• Dative -o -is
• Accusative -um -a
• Ablative -o -is

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Declining Second Declensionsignum, signi (stem
sign-)

• Singular
• Nominative sign um
• Genitive sign i
• Dative sign o
• Accusative sign um
• Ablative sign o

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Declining Second Declensionsignum, signi (stem
sign-)

• Plural
• Nominative sign a
• Genitive sign orum
• Dative sign is
• Accusative sign a
• Ablative sign is

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Declining Second Declension

• Singular Plural English
• signum signa the sign(s)
• signi signorum of the sign(s)
• signo signis to/for the sign(s)
• signum signa the sign(s)
• signo signis by/with the sign(s)

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1st and 2nd Declension Adjectives

• Latin II Grammar Review
• Noun-Adjective Agreement

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Latin Adjectives

• Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns
• Remember, Latin adjectives must agree with the
  nouns they modify in three ways
• Case
• Number
• Gender

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1st/2nd Declension Adjectives

• 1st/2nd declension adjectives use the same
  endings as the nouns
• Bonus a, um
• First Declension Second Declension
• -a -ae -us/er (um) -i (a)
• -ae -arum -i -orum
• -ae -is -o -is
• -am -as -um -os (a)
• -a -is -o -is

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Declining 1st/2nd Declension Adjectives

• Singular Plural
• puer bonus pueri boni
• pueri boni puerorum bonorum
• puero bono pueris bonis
• puerum bonum pueros bonos
• puero bono pueris bonis

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Declining 1st/2nd Declension Adjectives

• Singular Plural
• nauta bonus nautae boni
• nautae boni nautarum bonorum
• nautae bono nautis bonis
• nautam bonum nautas bonos
• nauta bono nautis bonis

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Declining 1st/2nd Declension Adjectives

• Remember, Latin adjectives must agree with the
  nouns they modify in case, number, and gender
• but their endings do not have to look the same!