FIGHTING DISEASE

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FIGHTING DISEASE

• Pathogen
• -a disease-causing microorganism

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The Immune System Layers of Defense

• 1. Innate immunity
• - immediate but non-specific
• - includes
• External
• The lymphatic system
• 2. Adaptive/Acquired Immunity
• - activated by the innate response
• - involves many different types
• of immune cells

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• Your immune system functions by recognizing
  things as self or non-self,
• ex. cells that belong in your body have
  identifying glycoproteins on their surface
  (self), cells/substances that do not belong in
  your body do not have those glycoproteins

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Innate Immunite First Defence External

• Physical Barrier our skin prevents pathogens
  from entering
• sweat is antibiotic
• mucus in our throats and noses traps microbes
• tears are antibacterial
• stomach acid kills microbes
• all of these contain proteases that
• can cut up RNA and DNA (RNAses
• and DNAses)

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• Chemical Barriers
• Inflammation (swelling, increased circulation,
  localized rise in temperature)
• Cellular Barriers
• Leukocytes (white blood cells) behave like
  independent single-celled organisms that identify
  and eliminate pathogens
• There are many types of leukocytes macrophages,
  neutrophils, natural killer cells, mast cells
• They eliminate pathogens by either killing them
  through direct contact or engulfing and digesting
  them

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The Lymphatic system

• A complex network of organs that
• work to rid the body of infection
• Lymph, a transparent fluid that contains white
  blood cells (leukocytes), circulates through us
• It filters out and engulfs foreign bodies (ex.
  bacteria, viruses)
• Macrophages white blood cells that seek and
  destroy foreign cells

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When injury happens

• Neutrophils (inflammatory) are the first cells to
  respond to injury
• Macrophages clean up debris
• Mast cells induce swelling, warmth, and redness
• All 3 types of cells summon more immune system
  cells

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Adaptive/ Acquired Immunity

• Stronger than innate immunity
• Our immune systems have an immulogical memory
• The basis of vaccinations!
• Pathogens are remembered based on their specific
  structures antigens
• antigens anti-body gen-erators

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• Adaptive immunity involves T cells and B cells
• T-cells seek out and kill invaders
• B-cell produce antibodies towards antigens
• Both produce memory cells that will allow the
  immune system to react FASTER and STRONGER next
  time, (hopefully) preventing spread of infection

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Passive versus Active Immunity
Active immunity - body itself manufactures
antibodies through fighting off a
disease -provides lasting protection Passive
immunity - antibodies are introduced into
bloodstream of an individual, given from mother
to child during pregnancy and breast-feeding -shor
t-term protection
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