Bellwork 10-8-14

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Bellwork 10-8-14

• Name as many muscles as you can

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III. Types of movement

1. Flexion
2. Extension
3. Rotation
4. Abduction
5. Adduction
6. Circumduction

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Flexion

• A bending movement around a joint in a limb (as
  the knee or elbow) that decreases the angle
  between the bones of the limb at the joint

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Extension

• An unbending movement around a joint in a limb
  (as the knee or elbow) that increases the angle
  between the bones of the limb at the joint

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Rotation

• turning around as on an axis

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Abduction

• To draw away from the midline of the body or from
  an adjacent part or limb

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Adduction

• Moving of a body part toward the central axis of
  the body

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Abduct Take awayAdduct Add it to your body
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Circumduction

• Movement of a limb or extremity so that the
  distal end describes a circle while the proximal
  end remains fixed

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Seven Golden Rules of Muscle Activity

1. Muscles get smaller as they contract.
2. Muscles cross at least one joint.
3. The bulk of the muscle lies proximal to the joint
   crossed.
4. All muscles have an insertion and origin.
5. During contraction, the insertion moves toward
   the origin.
6. Muscles only pull they never push.
7. Muscles work in pairs.

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1.Muscles Get ..

• Smaller as they Contract.
• Try it with your bicep!!!

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2.Muscles Cross at Least One Joint

• Think drawbridge!!
• How can muscles effect movement if they dont
  cross a joint?
• Where does the bulk of the muscle lie? ?

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Muscle Attachment Sites Origin Insertion

• Skeletal muscles produce movements by exerting
  force on tendons
• Tendons pull on bones or other structures such as
  skin
• Skeletal muscle contraction pulls one
  articulating bone towards the other
• Origin (usually proximal) attachment of a
  muscle tendon to the stationary bone
• Insertion (usually distal) attachment of the
  muscles other tendon to the movable bone
• Action/s main movements that occur when the
  muscle contracts

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All Muscles Have an Insertion and an Origin

• Insertion More moveable attachment
• Origin Less moveable attachment
• Insertion is usually distal.
• Origin is usually proximal.
• Insertion moves toward origin during muscle
  contraction.

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Muscles Only Pull

• So how do they effect flexion AND extension?
  Abduction AND Adduction?
• Because they work in PAIRS!!!!
• Prime Mover the muscle with major
  responsibility for effecting a movement.
• Antagonist the opposing muscle responsible for
  the opposite movement.

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Naming the Skeletal Muscles

• Location example the frontalis is located over
  frontal bone
• Shape example the deltoid (triangular) is
  triangular
• Relative size maximus, minimus, and longus
• Example gluteus maximus and gluteus minimus
• Direction of fascicles and muscle fibers
  direction that fibers run
• Example rectus (straight or parallel) abdominis
  and transversus (perpendicular) abdominis
• Location of attachments reveals point of origin
  and insertion
• Example sternocledomastoid origin on sternum
  and clavicle with insertion on mastoid
• Number of origins two, three, or four origins
• Indicated by the words biceps, triceps, and
  quadriceps
• Action part of the muscles name indicates
  muscle movement
• Flexor, extensor, adductor, or abductor

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Bellwork 10-9-14

• What are two ways in which muscles are named?
  Give examples?

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Superficial Muscles of the BodyAnterior View
Figure 11.8a
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Superficial Muscles of the BodyPosterior View
Neck
Epicranius, occipital belly
Arm
Sternocleidomastoid
Triceps brachii
Trapezius
Brachialis
Shoulder
Deltoid
Forearm
Infraspinatus
Brachioradialis
Teres major
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Rhomboid major
Triangle of auscultation
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Latissimus dorsi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Hip
Extensor digitorum
Gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus
Iliotibial tract
Thigh
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Hamstrings
Biceps femoris
Leg
Semitendinosus
Gastrocnemius
Semimembranosus
Soleus
Fibularis longus
Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon
(b)
Figure 11.8b
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Muscle Movements

• http//www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/menu
  /menu.html

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Muscles of the HeadFacial Expression
Figure 11.9
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Facial expression

• Frontalis
• Origin Cranial apneurosis
• Insertion Skin of eyebrows
• Raises eyebrows and wrinkles the skin of your
  forehead
• Zygomaticus
• Origin Cheekbone
• Insertion Corner of mouth
• Extends from corner of the mouth to the cheekbone
• Smiling and Laughing

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Muscles of the HeadFacial Expression
Figure 11.9
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Facial Expression

• Orbicularis Oculi
• Origin/Insertion Around eye orbital
• Fibers that run in circles around the eyes.
  Allows your eyes, squint, blink, wink
• Orbicularis Oris
• Origin/Insertion Around lips
• Circular muscle of lips.
• Closes the mouth
• Kissing muscle

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Muscles of the HeadFacial Expression
Figure 11.9
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Chewing

• Masseter
• Origin Zygomatic Process
• Insertion Mandible
• Covers the angle of the lower jaw as it runs from
  the zygomatic process
• Closes jaw by elevating jaw

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Exit Survey

• http//goo.gl/DHRAi5

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Trunk Muscles
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Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
AP Flix Internal obliques
AP Flix External obliques
PLAY
PLAY
Figure 11.14a
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Abdominal wall

• 3 layers constrict and hold abdominal contents in
  place
• External oblique, internal oblique
• Transversus abdominis
• Rectus abdominis- abs

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Trunk Muscles

• Rectus Abdominis
• Origin Pubic symphysis
• Insertion Rib Cage
• Flex vertebral column

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Trunk Muscles Obliques
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Trunk Muscles

• External Oblique
• Origin Last 8 ribs (External)
• Insertion Ilium
• Internal Oblique
• Origin Iliac Crest
• Insertion Last 3 ribs (Internal)
• Both
• Flex vertebral column
• Rotate trunk and bend it laterally

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• External oblique- lower 8 ribs- iliac crest
• Internal oblique- crest- lower 3/4 ribs and
  costal cartilage

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Superficial Muscles of the Posterior Thorax
Figure 11.16c
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Superficial Muscles of the Posterior Thorax
Figure 11.16d
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Posterior Muscles

• Latissimus dorsi
• Covers lower back
• Origin Lower Spine
• Insertion Proximal end of humerus
• Extends, adducts and rotates the arm medially
• Swimmers muscle
• Trapezius
• Kite shaped
• Origin Runs from skull down vertebral column
• Insertion scapular spine and clavicle
• Extends the head

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Posterior Muscles

• Deltoid
• Triangle-shaped
• Origin clavicle
• Insertion proximal humerus
• Form rounded shape of shoulders
• Primary movers of arm abduction

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Muscles of the Extremities
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Superficial Muscles of the Anterior Thorax
Figure 11.16a
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• Pectoralis major
• Origin Sternum, Shoulder Girdle, First six ribs
• Insertion Proximal End of Humerus
• Flexes and adducts the arm

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Muscles of the Upper Limb
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Muscles of the Upper Limb

• Biceps brachii
• Origin Shoulder girdle (scapula)
• Insertion Radius
• Flexes arm, forearm, supinates hand
• Note two origins

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Muscles of the Upper Limb

• Triceps Brachii
• Origin shoulder girdle and humerus
• Insertion Ulna
• Prime mover of elbow extension
• Note three origins

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Muscles of Lower Limb
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Posterior Muscles

• Gluteus maximus
• Origin pelvis
• Insertion femur
• Movement of Hip and Thigh in walking (Extends the
  thigh at the hip).
• Ex Climbing stairs and standing up
• Also helps abduct thigh

Figure 11.23c
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Posterior Muscles

• Hamstring Group (Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus,
  Biceps femoris)
• Origin Ischium
• Insertion Tibia
• Flexes knee and extends the thigh at hip

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Anterior Muscles

• Quadriceps Group(Vastus Medialis, Intermedius and
  Lateralis and Rectus Femoris)
• Composed of four muscles
• Origin Femur/ Pelvis
• Insertion Tibia
• Extends knee and flexes thigh at hip

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Moving foot

• Gastrocnemius (calf muscle)-
• Origin Femur
• Insertion Calcaneus
• flexes foot and leg (at knee), supinates foot

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Muscles of the Posterior Compartment

• Superficial muscles triceps surae
  (gastrocnemius, soleus) and the plantaris

Figure 11.27a, b