The enlightenment, holocaust,

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The enlightenment, holocaust, modern day israel

• Judaism 2

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The enlightenment

• 17th C. emphasized intellectual freedom, only
  what can be known by reason acceptable
• Less emphasis on religion
• Ashkenazi Reform, Conservative Orthodox
  traditions

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Reform judaism

• Jews who mixed more frequently
• Wanted similar freedoms as others, participating
  in intellectual life, working with non-Jews
• Interpreted scripture using modern methods
• Less concerned with traditional purity laws,
  kosher rules, desire to return to homeland
• Today Hebrew English in religious services
• Men women sit together
• Women rabbis

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Reform continued

• As long as one parent is Jewish, children are
  Jewish
• Individualism encouraged
• Often accept secular moral values
• Stress tikkun olam repairing the world via social
  action
• Moses Mendelssohn laid foundation for Reform
  Judaism, reason religion can live side by side

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Conservative judaism

• A reaction to Reform Judaism
• Reform Jews more involved in secular life, some
  feared losing their separate identity
• Follows many, (not all) of the 613 commandments
  of the Torah (mitzvoth)
• Old traditions, order of prayers, Hebrew, some
  dietary laws
• Open to modern historical methods of study of
  Torah, sees Reform too loose in its interpretation

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Conservative continued

• Needs of community, Jewish identity come before
  individual wants needs
• Active participation in synagogue very important
• Also stress tikkun olam
• Men women together in synagogue
• Women sometimes ordained as rabbis
• Largest branch of Judaism in Canada

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Orthodox judaism

• Observe all ancient rules practices
• Avoid watering down
• God gave whole Torah (oral written) to Moses at
  Mt. Sinai
• Accept some secular moral values
• Strictly follow commandments, Sabbath, Jewish
  holy days, Hebrew in synagogue
• Men women separated in synagogue
• Jewish only if mother Jewish

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The holocaust (shoah)

• Shoah
• Hebrew for catastrophe, calamity, holocaust
• Nazi Germanys deliberate attempt to exterminate
  the Jewish race (1933-1945)
• 6 million Jewish victims
• Jews considered inferior enemies of the state,
  cause of economic problems

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Effects on the Jewish community

• Faith shaken for many
• Punishment for lack of faithfulness?
• For others traditional belief that God is with
  us in good times and bad times remains strong
• Goodness love will prevail, Gods reign will
  triumph
• Key message what is hateful to you, do not do
  to others.
• Greater emphasis on tikkun olam

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mishnah

• Oral Torah
• Adam was created single to teach you that the
  destruction of any persons life is tantamount to
  destroying a whole world and the preservation of
  a single life is tantamount to preserving a whole
  world.
• Life is sacred because it is from God
• Preserving life is a key response to the Holocaust

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Zionism state of israel

• Zionism a movement to establish a Jewish
  homeland
• Some Zionists emigrated to Palestine
• Arabs living there objected, saw it as theirs
• After WW II, many Western countries supported
  Jewish struggle for homeland in Palestine
• May 14, 1948, State of Israel