Essential Question:

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• Essential Question
• What were the lasting characteristics of the
  Roman Republic the Roman Empire?
• Warm-Up Question
• What is Hellenism?
• Why was Alexander of Macedonia considered
  great?

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In addition to Greece, a significant classical
civilization was ancient Rome
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The Roman World

• Rome?
• Venice?
• Florence?
• Milan
• Pisa
• Sicily
• Sardinia
• Corsica
• Mt. Vesuvius

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Impact of Geography on RomeIdentify 1
geographic feature propose how it might impact
the culture of Rome
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The Geography of Rome
Rome was located on the Italian peninsula along
the Mediterranean Sea
The Romans were influenced by the Greeks
neighboring Etruscans
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The Culture of Ancient Rome
Roman religion was polytheistic based on the
Greek gods (usually only the names changed)
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The Culture of Ancient Rome
Roman writing was called Latin was based on
Greek writing
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The Culture of Ancient Rome
Roman architecture borrowed heavily from Greek
styles
Like Greek agoras, Roman cities had a forum for
markets public gatherings
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The Culture of Ancient Rome
Society was divided among 3 major groups
At the top were the nobles, called patricians,
who controlled most of the land held key
military govt positions (made up 5 of Roman
citizens)
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The Life of the Patricians
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The Culture of Ancient Rome
Society was divided among 3 major groups
Most people were commoners, called plebeians, who
were farmers, shopkeepers, or peasants
Plebeians paid the majority of taxes (made up
95 of Roman citizens)
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The Life of the Plebeians
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The Culture of Ancient Rome
Society was divided among 3 major groups
At the bottom of society were slaves other
non-Roman citizens
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Quick Class Discussion Based upon this image,
what was Roman government like?
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The Government of Ancient Rome
Rome was originally ruled by kings, but in 509
B.C. the Romans created a republic
A republic is a form of government in which
citizens have the power to elect their leaders
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The most important feature of the republic was
the Senate, whose 300 members were elected by
citizens to make laws taxes
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The Government of Ancient Rome
In 451 B.C., government officials wrote down
Romes laws onto the Twelve Tables which were
hung in the forum for all citizens to see
The Twelve Tables were based on the idea that all
citizens had a right to the protection of the law
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The Roman World Takes Shape

• The Roman republic
• Lasting legacy
• The common people were allowed access to
  government.
• The U.S. Constitution adopted such Roman ideas as
  a senate, veto checks on political power.

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The Roman World Takes Shape

• Expansion in Italy
• Citizen-soldiers
• Fought without pay supplied their own weapons.
• Valued loyalty, courage respect for authority.
• Commanders mixed rewards with harsh punishments.
• Displays of courage were awarded with gifts.
• If a unit fled from battle, 1 out of every 10 was
  put to death.

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The Roman World Takes Shape

• Expansion in Italy
• Conquered lands
• Conquered people had to acknowledge Roman
  leadership, pay taxes supply soldiers.
• In return, they could keep their own customs,
  money local governments.

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The Roman Military
Rome was protected by an advanced army that was
divided into groups of 5,000 soldiers called
legions Each legion was divided into smaller
groups of 80 men called a century
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By the 3rd century B.C., the Romans conquered the
Italian peninsula began to exert power in the
Mediterranean world
But, the growth of Rome threatened Carthage, the
superpower of the Mediterranean world
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In a series of battles known as the Punic Wars,
Rome defeated Carthage began the dominant
power in the Mediterranean
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From Roman Republic to Empire

• Wars with Carthage
• Punic Wars (264 146 B.C.)
• Three wars took place

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From Roman Republic to Empire

• Wars with Carthage Punic Wars
• In the first war, Rome defeats Carthage claims
  Sicily, Corsica Sardinia.

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From Roman Republic to Empire

• Wars with Carthage - Punic Wars
• In the second war, Carthage is seeking revenge.
  Hannibal a vast army of 50,000 men, 9000
  cavalry 60 elephants crosses the Pyrenees
  Mountains, through France the Alps in Italy.
• Half of Hannibals army was lost however, he
  surprised the Romans (attacking from the north)
  who were expecting an attack from the south.
• For 15 years, Hannibal moves across Italy winning
  battle after battle.
• A Roman general, Scipio, planned an attack on
  Carthage. This forced Hannibal to return where he
  was defeated.
• Rome won the 2nd Punic War in which they almost
  lost.

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From Roman Republic to Empire

• Wars with Carthage - Punic Wars
• For years, Rome feared that Carthage would
  return. Eventually, Rome attacks completely
  destroys Carthage.
• In the final war.Legend has it that the Romans
  burned the city of Carthage, killed or sold the
  survivors into slavery poured salt on the there
  fields.

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After the Punic Wars, Rome conquered new
territories gained great wealth
One of the generals who led Romes expansion was
a politician named Julius Caesar
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Problems for the Roman Republic

• Romes expansion brought wealth, but also
  created problems
• The addition of new lands sources of slave
  labor increased the gap between the rich poor
• Generals who controlled the armies became more
  powerful than the politicians in the Senate
• Struggles for power led to a series of civil
  wars in Rome

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Closure Activity

• Compare governments of the ancient world
• Complete the chart on the back of your notes