Essential Question:

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• Essential Question
• What caused World War I?
• CPWH Agenda for Unit 11.1
• Read Big Picture on Unit 11 Org answer
  preview clicker questions
• Causes of World War I notes
• Todays HW Get ready for SC Pilot Gateway Essay
  tomorrow
• CPWH Midterm Tuesday, March 22

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WORLD WAR I - Europe on the Brink of War

• Efforts at Peace
• Modern Olympic games
• Hoped it would promote love of peace respect
  for life.
•  
• Nobel Peace Prize
• Developed by Alfred Nobel
• Inventor of dynamite he regretted the military
  uses of his invention.
• In his will he set-up the Nobel Peace Prize to
  reward people for their work towards peace.

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WORLD WAR I - Europe on the Brink of War

• (Efforts at Peacecont.)
• Pacifist organizations
• Organizations that promoted opposition to all
  war.
•  
• First Universal Peace Conference
• Many world leaders attended this conference.
• They developed the Hague Tribunal.

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WORLD WAR I - Europe on the Brink of War

• (Efforts at Peacecont.)
• The Hague Tribunal
• Set up a world court to settle disputes between
  nations.
• They could not force nations to submit their
  disputes, nor could they enforce rulings.
• It was a step toward keeping peace.

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From 1914 to 1919, World War I erupted in Europe

• Text

What caused World War I?
This Great War was the largest, most
destructive war the world had yet seen
WWI was a global war that altered the course of
the 20th century
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From 1870 to 1914, a number of developments
gradually increased tensions among the European
powers that led to the outbreak of World War I
The MILITARISM ALLIANCES IMPERIALISM
NATIONALISM causes of World War I
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MILITARISM
The Industrial Revolution led to large, advanced
militaries in Europe
Europeans believed that to be great, nations had
to have strong militaries
As a result, an arms race began among European
nations, especially between Britain Germany
Nations glorified military power kept an army
prepared for war (called militarism)
Having a strong army increased patriotism among
citizens
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IMPERIALISM
European nations competed fiercely for colonies
in Africa Asia
Germany France almost went to war three times
over Morocco
Germany, England, Russia argued over building a
railroad in India
England France argued over rights to the Sudan
Competition for colonies often pushed Europeans
to the brink of war
This competition increased European rivalry
mistrust
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ALLIANCES
Growing rivalries among nations led to the
formation of two military alliances that
threatened to draw European nations into war
Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary made up the
Triple Alliance
England, France, Russia formed the Triple
Entente
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NATIONALISM
Rivalries due to militarism imperialism
increased nationalism among European powers
European rivals tried to maintain a balance of
power while also trying to overpower each other
European Balance of Power, 1914
Austrian national poster, 1900
British propaganda poster, 1897
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• Forces for War
• Aggressive nationalism
• Germany proud of their new empires military
  power industrial leadership.
• France Bitter about their defeat in the
  Franco-Prussian War (1871).
• Wanted to regain its position as Europes leading
  power.
• Russia Felt it was its duty to defend lead
  all Slavs.
• Supported Serbias dreams of creating a Slav
  state in the south.
• England felt threatened by Germanys rapid
  economic growth.

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NATIONALISM
While nationalism unified people in the powerful
nations, it was dividing people in weakening
empires
No region was more tense in the years before
World War I than the Balkans
The Balkans became a powder keg waiting for a
spark to blow up
Serbia, Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania
broke from the Ottoman Empire to create new
nations
Slavic people in Serbia wanted to unify all Slavs
but Austria-Hungary opposed giving up the largely
Slavic territories Bosnia Herzegovina
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The Outbreak of World War I
Serbians vowed to take Bosnia Herzegovina from
Austria-Hungary
On June 28, 1914, the Austro-Hungarian Archduke
Franz Ferdinand his wife were assassinated by a
Serbian terrorist
The assassin Gavrilo Princip
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• Archduke Francis Ferdinand is assassinated
• He was the Archduke of Austria-Hungary
• Bosnia was part of Austria-Hungary it was also
  the home of many Serbs Slavs.
• His visit angered many Serbs.
• It was a special date in Serb history dating back
  to 1389

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The Outbreak of World War I
On July 23, Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum
to Serbia turn over conspirators allow an
investigationORgo to war
When Serbia balked at some of the terms,
Austria-Hungary declared war on July 28, 1914
Russia had a large population of Slavs was an
ally of Serbia Russia moved troops to the
Austrian border
These events set off a chain reaction that
started World War I
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• Austria issued an ultimatum Serbia only
  partially agrees
• Ultimatum Serbia must end all anti-Austrian
  agitation punish any Serbian official involved
  in the murder plot.

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• Austria declared war on Serbia
• Germany pledged to support Austria
• Russia mobilized to help Serbia
•  
• Germany declared war on Russia
• They declared war on Russia when Russia starting
  mobilizing.

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• France allied with Russia
• France saw a chance to avenge their defeat in the
  Franco-Prussian War.
• Germany declared war on France
• Germany demanded France to stay out France
  refused.

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• Germany invades Belgium
• Italy Great Britain remained uncommitted.
• Germany Schlieffen Plan
• This plan was developed so that Germany would
  avoid fighting a two front war. (France to the
  west Russia to the east.)

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World War 1 Begins
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia its ally
Russia
On August 4, 1914, England declared war on
Germany Austria-Hungary
On August 1, 1914, Germany declared war on Russia
On August 3, 1914, Germany declared war on France
Russia mobilized for war to protect Serbia
Italy backed out of its agreement with Germany
Austria-Hungary
and joined the Allies
On July 28,1914, Serbia declined the ultimatum
World War I had begun
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During the war Germany Austria-Hungary became
the Central Powers They were joined by Bulgaria
the Ottoman Empire
The members of the Triple Entente became known as
the Allied Powers and eventually were joined by
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many nations throughout the world