Essential Question:

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• Essential Question
• How did Jeffersons presidency change American
  government, territory, foreign policy?
• Warm-Up Question
• How will the fact that Jefferson was a
  Democratic-Republican influence his policies as
  Americas third president?

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• The period of time in U.S. history before the
  Civil War is known as the Antebellum Era
  (1800-1860)
• Early Antebellum (1800-1840)
• American nationalism
• Age of the common man
• Industrial revolution, rise of king cotton,
  market economy
• Late Antebellum (1840-1860)
• Manifest Destiny into the West
• Sectionalism divided North South

3

• Jeffersons defeat of Adams is often called the
  Revolution of 1800
• For the first time, a new political party took
  the presidency
• Jeffersons presidency marked the start of nearly
  30 years of political dominance by the
  Democratic-Republicans

1. George Washington
2. John Adams
3. Thomas Jefferson
4. James Madison
5. James Monroe
6. John Q. Adams
7. Andrew Jackson

Jefferson Video
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Jefferson as President

• As a Democratic-Republican, Jefferson tried to
  reverse Federalist policies reduce the size
  cost of the national govt
• He reduced the size of the army
• Cut back Hamiltons financial plan by ending all
  excise taxes allowing the charter of the Bank
  of the U.S. to expire

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• Jefferson believed that America should be an
  agrarian republic that protects liberty

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Midnight Judges

• Before leaving office, President Adams appointed
  numerous Federalist judges to federal courts
• John Marshall became chief justice to the Supreme
  Court
• Over the next 30 years, John Marshall
  strengthened the power of the national govt
  the Supreme Court

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The Legacy of John Marshall
In each of these cases, John Marshall helped
strengthen the power of the national govt over
the states or protected citizens from the power
of their state govts

• Marbury v. Madison (1803)
• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
• Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)
• Cohens v. Virginia (1821)
• Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
• Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)

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Marbury v. Madison

• Jefferson invalidated as many of Adams midnight
  judges as possible
• One judge, William Marbury, sued claiming that
  the president could not overturn an act of
  Congress
• The case Marbury v. Madison (1803) established
  the principle of judicial review giving the
  Supreme Court the power to declare acts of
  Congress unconstitutional

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Marbury v. Madison

• Jefferson invalidated as many of Adams midnight
  judges as possible
• One judge, William Marbury, sued claiming that
  the president could not overturn an act of
  Congress
• The case Marbury v. Madison (1803) established
  the principle of judicial review giving the
  Supreme Court the power to declare acts of
  Congress unconstitutional

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Judicial Review
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The United States in 1800
From 1800 to 1810, the population grew by 2
million people, thousands flooded into the west,
3 new states were added to the USA
In 1800, Napoleon reclaimed Louisiana from Spain,
but by 1803, he needed money to fund his European
war offered to sell Louisiana
Ohio (1803)
Kentucky (1792)
Tennessee (1796)

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The Louisiana Purchase (1803)
As a strict constructionist Jefferson did not
know if he had the Constitutional power to buy
Louisiana but he did it anyway
Louisiana Purchase Video
In 1803, Jefferson authorized the Louisiana
Purchase from France for 15 million
Lewis Clark were sent by Jefferson to map
explore this new territory Their findings
revealed an abundance of natural resources for
America
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Jefferson easily won re-election in 1804
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Jeffersons Legacy

• Jefferson came into office trying to reduce the
  size power of the national government, but
• By buying Louisiana, he expanded government power
  beyond that of the Constitution
• He encouraged Congress to create an embargo (no
  trade) to punish England France for violating
  U.S. free trade

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Napoleons Empire
Americans smuggled Jefferson had to increase
the size of govt to enforce the embargo
Jeffersons embargo was a pain in the rear end
because it hurt Americans more than it hurt the
English or French
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1. George Washington
2. John Adams
3. Thomas Jefferson
4. James Madison
5. James Monroe
6. John Q. Adams
7. Andrew Jackson

• James Madison won the presidency in 1808 1812
• Madison was the architect of the Constitution,
  was elected to Congress, served as Jeffersons
  VP
• Madison continued the dominance of the
  Democratic-Republican Party tried to continue
  Jeffersons policies of limited national govt

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The War of 1812

• Unfortunately, the war between England France
  continued to cause problems for Americans
• England France continued to violate American
  free trade
• The British navy continued to impress American
  merchants
• Many Congressmen, called War Hawks demanded war
  with Britain to defend U.S. honor

Free Trade Sailors' Rights was a popular
battle cry
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Patriotism surged as War Hawks claimed the War
of 1812 the Second American Revolution
Madison eventually gave in asked Congress for a
declaration of war in June 1812
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The War of 1812 (18121814)

• The U.S. was not ready to fight when the war
  began
• Had a weak navy poorly trained army
• The war went badly at first

The British attacked burned Washington, DC
and laid siege to Baltimore where Francis Scott
Key wrote the Star Spangled Banner
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The War of 1812 (18121814)

• Even though Britain was winning, they were
  fighting Napoleons army in Europe wanted to
  end the war in America quickly

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The War of 1812 (18121814)
The Americans were led by Andrew Jackson who
became a national hero

• In 1814, Britain U.S. signed the Treaty of
  Ghent ending the war
• Before news arrived, the Americans won the Battle
  of New Orleans

The victory at New Orleans led many Americans to
feel as though they won the war
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Treaty of Ghent

• Treaty of Ghent ended the war, but it did not
  address trade rights or other causes of the war
• Effects of the War of 1812
• Americans were united in a sense of nationalism,
  believing that they had beaten the British
• America entered an Era of Good Feelings with a
  popular president booming national economy

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1. George Washington
2. John Adams
3. Thomas Jefferson
4. James Madison
5. James Monroe
6. John Q. Adams
7. Andrew Jackson

• James Monroe was elected president in 1816 1820
  with a clear set of goals
• To promote national unity
• To promote Americas power in the world
• Monroe was a Democratic-Republican, but by 1816
  the Federalists were so weak that the Republicans
  could do almost anything

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The Era of Good Feelings

• After the War of 1812, America experienced an
  Era of Good Feelings from 1815 to 1825
• Monroe the Republicans in Congress used this
  time to promote American nationalism
• Nationalismthe interests of the USA should be
  placed ahead of regional interests

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American Nationalism

• Monroe the Republicans in Congress promoted
  nationalism American unity in 3 ways
• Govt Increasing the power of the national govt
  over the states

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American Nationalism

• John Marshall (1801-1835) used the Supreme Court
  to strengthen the power of the national govt

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American Nationalism

• Monroe the Republicans in Congress promoted
  nationalism American unity in 3 ways
• Govt Increasing the power of the national govt
  over the states
• Economy Encourage industry build better
  transportation to link the South, North, West

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The American System

• In 1816, Congressman Henry Clay proposed the
  American System to unify the economies of the
  North, South, West
• Created a 2nd Bank of the U.S.
• Created a tariff to promote U.S. industry limit
  the importation of British manufactured goods
• A natl system of roads canals

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Transportation by 1840 Rivers, Roads, Canals,
Railroads
The American System allowed the USA to create a
national market economy for the 1st time
Western farms grew grains raised livestock that
fed the nation
Northern factories made manufactured goods that
were sold throughout the country
Southern cotton was used in northern textiles
factories
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Settlement of the Trans-Mississippi
After the War of 1812, Americans flooded into
the West By 1840 over 1/3 of the population
lived in the West
This economic territorial growth created a need
to settle Americas national boundaries
Congress quickly admitted 5 new states to the
Union
Indiana (1816)
Illinois (1818)
Alabama (1819)
Mississippi (1817)
Louisiana (1812)
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American Nationalism

• Monroe the Republicans in Congress promoted
  nationalism American unity in 3 ways
• Govt Increasing the power of the national govt
  over the states
• Economy Encourage industry build better
  transportation to link the South, North, West
• Foreign Policy Expanding U.S. borders
  increasing Americas role in world affairs

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American Nationalism
President Monroe his Secretary of State John
Quincy Adams used foreign policy to promote
nationalism territorial expansion
In 1819 the USA gained Florida from Spain with
the Adams-Onis Treaty
In 1818, Monroe British leaders agreed to
establish the US/Canada border set at the 49º
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Nationalist Foreign Policy

• When Latin American nations gained independence,
  the U.S. supported the new republics
• Monroe did not want Europeans re-colonizing in
  Latin America
• Monroe Doctrine (1823) warned European nations
  that the USA would protect the Western Hemisphere
  that the U.S. would not interfere in Europe

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Sectionalism

• The Era of Good Feelings was a time of
  nationalism, but there were problems between
  North South
• Sectionalismwhen regional interests are placed
  above national interests
• Northerners Southerners disagreed over slavery,
  national taxes, the role of national govt
• These disagreements dominated politics from 1820
  to 1860

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Missouri Compromise

• When Missouri applied to become a U.S. state,
  sectionalism emerged
• Missouri wanted to become a slave state, like the
  South
• Northerners did not want to see Southern slave
  states increase their power in the national govt
• If Missouri entered as a slave state, the South
  would have 2 more Senators than the North

Because of the 3/5 Compromise, the South had more
members of the House of Representatives
President Monroe was from Virginia, so the South
controlled the presidency too
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In 1820, Henry Clay negotiated the Missouri
Compromise
Maine broke from Massachusetts became a free
state
Missouri became a slave state
Slavery was outlawed in all western territories
above the latitude of 3630'