The Reproductive System

1
The Reproductive System

• Chapter 27

2
Male Reproductive System
3
The Scrotum
4
The Testes and Epididymis
5
The Testes and Epididymis
6
The Ductus Deferens and Glands
7
Urethra and Penis
8
Sperm

• Three regions
• Head with acrosome
• Mid-piece or body
• Tail
• Enzyme Hyaluronidase

9
Physiology of Male System

• Sperm Analysis
• One of the first tests done to determine male
  infertility
• Sterile if less than 20 million sperm per ml
• Erection
• Controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system
• Nitric oxide causes the smooth muscles to relax
  and the blood vessels to dilate
• Ejaculation
• Controlled by the sympathetic nervous system
• Also called climax or orgasm

10
Gametogenesis

• Occurs by Meiosis rather than mitosis
• Results in four daughter cells rather than two
• Reduces chromosome number by one-half

11
Process of Meiosis
12
Process of Meiosis
13
Process of Meiosis
14
Hormonal Control
15
Spermatogenesis
16
Female Reproductive System
17
Ovaries
18
Ovaries
19
Uterine tubes and Uterus
20
Uterine tubes and Uterus
21
Endometrium
22
Vagina
23
External Anatomy
24
External Anatomy
25
Mammary Glands
26
Mammary Glands
27
Oogenesis
28
Ovarian Cycle

• Follicular phase
• Ovulation
• Luteal phase

29
The Ovarian Cycle
30
The Ovarian Cycle
31
The Ovarian Cycle
32
The Ovarian Cycle
33
The Ovarian Cycle
34
The Ovarian Cycle
35
The Ovarian Cycle
36
The Ovarian Cycle
37
Hormonal Influence
38
Uterine Cycle

• Menstrual stage (menses)
• Pre-ovulatory stage (proliferative)
• Post-ovulatory stage (secretory)

39
The Menstrual Cycle
40
Hormonal Influence
41
Hormonal Effects
42
Hormonal Effects
43
Homeostatic Imbalances

• Testicular cancer
• Prostate cancer
• Prostatitis
• Cryptochidism
• Impotence
• Pelvic inflammatory disease
• Cervical cancer
• Uterine prolapse
• Nondisjunction

• Sexually transmitted diseases
• Gonorrhea
• Syphilis
• Chlamydia
• Genital warts
• Genital herpes
• Amenorrhea and menopause
• Dysmenorrhea
• Endometriosis