Essential Question:

1

• Essential Question
• What were the significant individuals
  accomplishments of the Civil Rights movement?
• Warm-Up Question
• Identify specific 5 ways African Americans were
  discriminated against in U.S. history from 1619
  to 1950

2
African Americans in U.S. History

• To better appreciate the impact of the Civil
  Rights movement, lets review the struggles
  African Americans faced over time
• Working with a partner, complete the timeline of
  events in U.S. history that impacted African
  Americans
• Each era on the timeline has a matching
  Injustice Achievement event
• Answers will be revealed in a brief ppt

3
Slavery in American History
(1619-1865)
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Slavery in American History

• In 1619, the 1st African slaves were introduced
  in the colonies
• By 1660, slave labor replaced indentured
  servitude as the main colonial labor system
• Slaves worked on tobacco rice plantations in
  Southern colonies
• Slaves worked as domestic servants in Northern
  colonies

Timeline Answers Colonial Era D 8
5
Before the American Revolution, slaves were
present in each of the 13 colonies
The Revolutionary War (1776-1783) changed
attitudes towards slavery
But, the Founding Fathers did not abolish slavery
Timeline Answers The New Nation I 3
By 1804, 9 outlawed slavery
In 1808, the USA outlawed the African slave trade
The Northwest Ordinance (1787), outlawed slavery
6
Slavery in American History

• From 1800 to 1860, sectional tension increased in
  America as slavery expanded into the West
• King Cotton became dominant increased
  slavery in the South
• During Manifest Destiny, slavery tensions
  increased as Texas the Mexican Cession were
  added
• The Compromises of 1820 1850 only temporarily
  settled the issue

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From 1800 to 1860, sectional tension increased as
slavery expanded into the West
King Cotton became dominant increased slavery
in the South
Timeline Answers Early Antebellum G 5
1790
1830
8
Slavery in America, 1860
From 1800 to 1860, sectional tension increased as
slavery expanded into the West
Abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison,
Frederick Douglass, Harriet Beecher Stowe
attacked slavery
The Compromises of 1820 1850 only temporarily
settled the issue
During Manifest Destiny, tensions over slavery
increased as Texas the Mexican Cession were
added
Timeline Answers Late Antebellum B 6
Sectional events led to Civil War Bleeding
Kansas, Dred Scott case, John Browns Raid,
Election of Lincoln in 1860
1860
9
Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in
1863 which made the Civil War about slavery
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Reconstruction the Jim Crow Era (1865-1954)
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• The Union victory in the Civil War led to the
• 13th Amendment (ended slavery)
• 14th Amendment (citizenship for freedmen)
• 15th Amendment (voting rights for freedmen)
• Freedmans Bureau five military zones

Timeline Answers Civil War Reconstruction A
1
The South responded with the KKK black codes
Reconstruction ended in 1877
12
States with Jim Crow Laws

• Jim Crow laws created segregation
• Poll taxes, literacy tests, grandfather clauses
  
• Most blacks were sharecroppers

Civil rights leaders WEB DuBois Booker T
Washington fought against segregation laws the
NAACP was formed to help African Americans
Timeline Answers Gilded Age Progressives H
7
In 1896, the Supreme Court declared separate but
equal in the Plessy v Ferguson case
13
World War I the 1920s
During WWI, the Great Migration led African
American workers into the North Black soldiers
fought in segregated units
In the 1920s, African Americans experienced the
Harlem Renaissance
Timeline Answers WWI 1920s C 2
In the 1930s, FDRs New Deal discriminated
against black workers
14
World War II
A. Philip Randolph pressured FDR to create the
Fair Employment Practices Commission
Timeline Answers 1930s WWII F 9
In WWII, the Great Migration helped break
sharecropping in the South
15
Timeline Answers Post War E 4
In the 1950s, white flight to the suburbs Jim
Crow laws left the U.S. segregated
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The Modern Civil Rights Movement (1954-1965)
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Early Successes in Civil Rights

• By 1950, the United States was a segregated
  society
• Jim Crow laws throughout the South created a
  segregated society (de jure segregation)
• White flight to the suburbs left African
  Americans in poor inner cities (de facto
  segregation)
• But after WWII, African Americans gained success
  in civil rights

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Early Successes in Civil Rights

• In 1948, Truman became the 1st president to
  attack segregation
• Truman issued an executive order to integrate the
  military
• He outlawed discrimination in the hiring of
  government employees
• In 1947, Jackie Robinson was the 1st black major
  league baseball player

19
Jackie Robinson
Jackie Robinson signing his professional contract
with Brooklyn Dodgers owner Branch Rickey in 1945
Robinson made his MLB debut in 1947
Robinson won Rookie of the Year in 1947
Robinson won National League MVP in 1949
20
The Struggle Over Civil Rights
Segregated school districts spend 10 times more
on white students than black students

• The modern Civil Rights movement began in 1954
  with the Supreme Court decision Brown v Board of
  Education of Topeka, Kansas
• The NAACP took the lead in civil rights
  Segregated schools became their primary target
• Their strategy was to use lawsuits to challenge
  that segregation violated the 14th Amendment

NAACP attorneys successfully challenged
discrimination in university admissions for
graduate programs
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Brown v Board of Education

• Brown v Board of Education in 1954
• The Topeka school district denied Linda Brown
  from attending a white school 4 blocks from her
  house
• NAACP lawyer Thurgood Marshall used the 14th
  Amendment to attack public school segregation
• Marshall argued that even equal schools, if
  separate, imply that black children are inferior
  to whites

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Thurgood Marshall his NAACP legal team
Thurgood Marshalls success in Brown made him the
most famous black lawyer in the U.S. In 1967, he
became the 1st black justice appointed to the
Supreme Court
Linda Brown
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Brown v Board of Education

• The Supreme Courts unanimous decision in Brown v
  Board of Education (1954) ruled separate
  facilities are inherently unequal
• Chief Justice Earl Warren stated that segregation
  violated the equal protection clause of the
  14th Amendment
• The decision overturned the Plessy v Ferguson
  (1896) separate but equal precedent

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(No Transcript)
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Brown v Board of Education

• The Brown decision was divisive
• Schools integrated in Baltimore, St Louis,
  Washington DC
• But Southern state leaders vowed to resist
  integration the KKK returned to block
  integration
• At first, President Eisenhower left enforcement
  of Brown up to states did not enforce the
  decision

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Resistance to Brown
The people of Georgia will not comply with the
decision of the court We're going to do whatever
is necessary in Georgia to keep white children in
white schools and colored children in colored
schools."
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Desegregating Schools

• In 1957, President Eisenhower was forced to
  support integration
• Arkansas governor Orval Faubus called the
  National Guard to keep black students from
  enrolling in Little Rocks Central High School
• Eisenhower sent the Army to force integration for
  the black students (the Little Rock Nine)

28
Integrating Central High School in
Little Rock, Arkansas (1957)
Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus
The Little Rock Nine
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Conclusions

• The Brown v BOE decision was the first major step
  towards ending Jim Crow segregation in America
• The NAACP provided a model for other civil rights
  leaders to follow by using the 14th Amendment
• Resistance to Brown revealed that civil rights
  leaders could not rely on the govt to protect
  rights
• New leaders would soon emerge to take charge of
  the movement