BODY TISSUES

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BODY TISSUES

• The four main types of body tissues are

1. Epithelium Sheets of tissue that line and
   cover, provide protection specialized for
   absorption/secretion
2. Connective Provide support and framework.
3. Muscle Provide movement
4. Nervous Provide communication

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CONNECTIVE TISSUES

• These tissues are the most abundant tissues in
  the body and they show the most variation in
  their functions.
• May act to build structures, connect one tissue
  to another, anchor structures, support, defense,
  transportation and protection.

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With That Much Diversity What Do They Have In
Common?

• Connective tissues differ from epithelial tissues
  in both their arrangement and in the amount and
  type of intercellular material -MATRIX (material
  found between cells)

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Connective Tissue Composition

• 1. Tend to have few cells in comparison to the
  amount of space the tissue occupies.
• 2. Extracellular matrix (non-living material
  secreted by cells) is found between the living
  cells.
• The matrix and fibers found between the cells is
  ultimately what determines the qualitative
  characteristics of that connective tissue.

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Common Types of Connective Tissues

1. Areolar Adhesive connective tissue.
2. Adipose Fatty tissue consisting of adipocytes.
3. Fibrous Connective Tissue Forms tendons to
   attach muscle to bones.
4. Bone Living cells that secrete calcium
   deposits.
5. Cartilage Chondrocytes lay out gristle-like gel
   matrix.
6. Blood Erythrocytes (red), leukocytes (white)
   and thrombocytes (platelets) in a fluid matrix
   (plasma).
7. Hemopoietic Found in red bone marrow cavities,
   produces new blood cells.

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AREOLAR

• STRUCTURE and FUNCTION
• This connective tissue forms the GLUE for other
  tissues. Has gel-like matrix with several
  different types of fibers in gel for
  reinforcement.
• Wraps and cushions organs, holds tissues together.

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ADIPOSE

• STRUCTURE and FUNCTION
• Small amounts of gel-like matrix in between
  closely packed adipocytes (fat cells)
• Provides reserve food fuel, insulates body
  against heat loss, and provides padding.

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LIPOSUCTION The removal of adipose tissue
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FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE

• STRUCTURE and FUNCTION
• Cells synthesize and secrete collagen protein
  fibers that run parallel to each other.
• Attach muscles to bones (TENDONS), attach bones
  to bones (LIGAMENTS). Strong and flexible but no
  ability to stretch.

Collagen stronger than wire
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BONE

• STRUCTURE and FUNCTION
• Osteocytes (bone cells) secrete calcified
  matrix, which has many channels for
  vascularization.
• Bones support and protect, provides levers for
  muscle contraction to work on, stores calcium and
  other minerals, stores marrow for blood cell
  formation.

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CARTILAGE

• STRUCTURE and FUNCTION
• Chondrocytes (cartilage cells) produce and
  secrete a gristle-like matrix surrounding
  themselves.
• Cartilage acts to support and reinforce joints,
  acts to cover and cushion bones at the joints.

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BLOOD

• STRUCTURE and FUNCTION
• Red and white blood cells along with cell
  fragments (platelets) in a fluid matrix called
  plasma.
• Erythrocytes and plasma transport respiratory
  gases (O2 and CO2), nutrients, wastes and other
  substances (hormones)
• Leukocytes Fight infection Thrombocytes
  Clotting

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HEMOPOIETIC

• STRUCTURE and FUNCTION
• Blood stem cells found in spleen, tonsils, red
  bone marrow, lymph nodes. Stem cells found
  closely packed together in a liquid matrix
• Blood cell formation