EARTH AS A SYSTEM

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EARTH AS A SYSTEM

• CHAPTER ONE

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SECTION ONE

• EARTH IS MORE THAN A COLLECTION OF PARTS
• ____SOLID EARTH_________
• ____ATMOSPHERE_________
• ____OCEANS_______________
• THIS NEW VIEW OF EARTH IS CALLED EARTH SYSTEM
  SCIENCE

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EARTH SYSTEMS

• THE EARTH IS A CLOSED SYSTEM.
• THE DEFINITION OF A SYSTEM
• ___A KIND OF MODEL A PART OF THE UNIVERSE THAT
  CAN BE STUDIED SEPARATELY
• DEFINITION OF A CLOSED SYSTEM
• NOTHING CAN ENTER OR LEAVE

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EARTHS CLOSED SYSTEM

• IN THE EARTHS CLOSED SYSTEM
• ONLY ENERGY CAN ENTER OR LEAVE EARTHS CLOSED
  SYSTEM
• MATTER DOESNT ENTER OR LEAVE
• THIS INCLUDES WATER, AIR, ETC

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NATURE, SCIENCE, AND HUMANS

• HUMAN IMPACT ON THE EARTH SYSTEM
• POLLUTION AIR, WATER, LAND
• GLOBAL WARMING
• DEPLETION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
• INCREASING NEED FOR FOOD, WATER, SHELTER, ENERGY

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ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

• What is a system?
• What is an open system?
• What is a closed system?
• Why do scientists consider Earth an essentially
  closed system?
• What happens when the Earths natural resources
  are used up?

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SECTION 2

• THE EARTH SYSTEMS FOUR SPHERES

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FOUR SPHERES OF THE EARTH SYSTEM

• _1___________________________________
• _2___________________________________
• _3___________________________________
• _4___________________________________

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ATMOSPHERE

• THIN LAYER OF GASES SURROUNDING THE EARTH

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GEOSPHERE

• EARTH ITSELF ALL THE PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE
  EARTH

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HYDROSPHERE

• ALL THE WATER ON THE PLANET AND IN THE ATMOSPHERE
  SURROUNDING THE PLANET
• 97 SALT WATER
• 3 FRESH WATER
• 70 OF THAT IS FROZEN IN THE ICE CAPS

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BIOSPHERE

• WHERE ALL LIVING THINGS ARE FOUND
• AIR
• LAND
• WATER

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INTERACTIONS AMONG THE SPHERES

• FOUR SPHERES ARE CONSTANTLY MOVING, CHANGING AND
  INTERACTING
• THESES INTERACTIONS DO NOT OCCUR IN ISOLATION
• THEY ARE INTERACTING EVERYDAY ALL AROUND US

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FOUR SPHERES

• COPY THE PICTURE OF THE FOUR SPHERES FROM PAGE 8
  IN YOUR TEXT HERE

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FOUR SPHERES

• FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING DESCRIBE WHAT IS
  HAPPENING AND WHAT SPHERES ARE INTERACTING WITH
  ONE ANOTHER
• VOLCANOES ERUPT
• PLANTS TAKE CO2 OUT OF THE ATMOSPHERE

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FOUR SPHERES

• HURRICANES OCCUR
• HUMANS DRILL WELLS IN THE EARTHS CRUST

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ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

• Name 2 ways in which humans affect the
  atmosphere.
• Name 2 ways in which humans affect the
  hydrosphere.
• How might an increase in rainfall in an area
  affect the geosphere and biosphere?

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SECTION THREE

• CYCLES AND THE EARTH

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CYCLES AND THE EARTH

• WHAT IS A CYCLE?
• SEQUENCE OF EVENTS THAT REPEATS
• THE WATER CYCLE IS
• THE CONTINUING CIRCULATION OF WATER THROUGH THE
  HYDROSPHERE
• EVAPOTRANSPRIRATION IS
• THE CYCLING OF WATER VAPOR INTO THE ATMOSPHERE BY
  EVAPORATION AND TRANSPIRATION

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WATER CYCLE

• Draw a picture of the water cycle labeling
  precipitation, condensation, evaporation (use pg.
  13)

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CARBON CYCLE

• THE CARBON CYCLE IS
• BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLE INVOLVING THE ELEMENT CARBON
• CARBON IS THE BUILDING BLOCK OF LIFE
• ALL LIVING THINGS CONTAIN CARBON
• CARBON IS FOUND IN ALL PARTS OF THE EARTH SYSTEM

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CARBON CYCLE

• DRAW A PICTURE OF THE CARBON CYCLE LABELING HOW
  CARBON ENTERS AND LEAVES THE SYSTEM AND WHERE IT
  IS STORED (USE PG. 14 15)

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ENERGY CYCLE

• THE ENERGY CYCLE IS
• THE MOVEMENT OF ENERGY INTO AND OUT OF THE SYSTEM
• ENERGY CYCLE IS MORE LIKE A SCALE IT NEEDS TO BE
  BALANCED
• THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY ENTERING THE EARTH SYSTEM
  SHOULD EQUAL THE AMOUNT EXITING THE SYSTEM

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ENERGY CYCLE

• WHAT ARE THE THREE MAIN SOURCES OF ENERGY IN THE
  EARTHS ENERGY BUDGET?
• 1.SOLAR ENERGY 99.985
• 2.GEOTHERMAL .013
• 3.TIDAL .002

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THE LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS

• MATTER AND ENERGY FOLLOW PREDICTABLE RULES THAT
  EXPLAIN HOW THEY BEHAVE
• 1ST LAW ENERGY CANNOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED
  BUT CHANGED FROM ONE FORM TO ANOTHER
• 2ND LAW WHEN ENERGY CHANGES FORM IT ALWAYS
  CHANGES FROM A MORE CONCENTRATED USEFUL FORM TO A
  LESS CONCENTRATED LESS USEFUL FORM

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EARTHS ALBEDO

• THE EARTHS SURFACE IS NOT UNIFORM
• IT REFLECTS ENERGY DIFFERENTLY WITH THE CHANGING
  SURFACES
• THE ALBEDO OF THE EARTH IS
• THE OF ENERGY THAT IS REFLECTED W/O BEING
  CHANGED
• THE PLANETS OVERALL ALBEDO IS _____30___

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EARTHS ALBEDO

• A FOREST HAS A __LOW___ ALBEDO
• CLOUDS HAVE A ___HIGH__ALBEDO
• SNOW HAS A ___HIGH___ ALBEDO
• DESERTS HAVE A __LOW_ ALBEDO

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ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

• Humans cut down a large tract of forest, burn the
  cut trees, and turn the land into a city.
  Predict what changes are going to result, based
  on what youve learned about the carbon cycle,
  energy budget, and albedo.