POST-COLD WAR AMERICA

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CHAPTER 29
19912000

• POST-COLD WAR AMERICA

CREATED EQUAL JONES ? WOOD ? MAY ? BORSTELMANN ?
RUIZ
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we can get along here. We can all get along.
Weve just got to.

• Rodney King,
• after the L.A. riots of 1992

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TIMELINE

• 1991 Rodney King beating captured on video
• The Promise Keepers formed
• Nomination of Clarence Thomas
• 1992 Planned Parenthood of Southeastern
  Pennsylvania v. Casey
• Trial of police officers in King case
• Clinton defeats Bush for Presidency
• 1993 Ruth Bader Ginsberg appointed to Supreme
  Court
• Whitewater Investigation begins
• NAFTA approved by Congress
• Somali warlord kills 18 American soldiers
• World Trade Center bombed

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TIMELINE continued

• 1994 Nicole Brown and Ronald Goldman murdered
• Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act
• Stephen Breyer appointed to Supreme Court
• Contract with America
• U.S. invades Haiti and restores Aristide to
  power
• 1995 Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building bombed in
  Oklahoma City
• Dayton Accords
• 1996 U.S. v. Virginia
• Romer v. Evans
• O.J. Simpson trial
• Welfare Reform Act
• 19 U.S. airmen killed by truck bomb in Dhahran,
  Saudi Arabia

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TIMELINE continued

• 1998 Bombings at U.S. embassies in Kenya and
  Tanzania
• 1999 Columbine High School tragedy
• Elian Gonzales found off coast of Florida after
  leaving Cuba
• 2000 USS Cole bombed
• U.S. Supreme Court declares George W. Bush
  winner of Presidential election

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POST-COLD WAR AMERICA Overview

• The Economy Global and Domestic
• Tolerance and Its Limits
• Violence and Danger
• The Clinton Presidency
• The Nation and the World
• The Contested Election of 2000

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THE ECONOMY GLOBAL AND DOMESTIC

• The Post-Cold War Economy
• The Widening Gap Between Rich and Poor
• Labor Unions

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The Post-Cold War Economy

• The fall of the Soviet Union
• Less money needed for military
• Negative effect on military industry
• Technology boom
• Mergers
• Time-Warner/AOL, Nestlé/Ralston-Purina,
  Daimler-Benz/Chrysler
• Regulations Microsoft, tobacco industry
• Native Americans
• Casinos Pequots Foxwoods and Oneidas Turning
  Stone
• Tribes benefit factories, banks, retail,
  individual payments, health care, daycare

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The Widening Gap Between Rich and Poor

• 1990s Top 1 own more wealth than bottom 90
• CEOs salary reach 419 times more than employees
• African-Americans 50 of all black children live
  below poverty line
• Asian, African, Latino immigrants work the
  low-wage jobs

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Concentration of Wealth, 1990s
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Labor Unions

• Service Workers
• April, 2000 Service Employees International
  Union march in L.A. for wage increase
• San Francisco hotel union workers negotiate
  5-year contract with pay raise
• April, 1997 clothing manufacturers, human rights
  activists, labor organizations agree to improve
  the garment workers plight (voluntary)

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TOLERANCE AND ITS LIMITS

• We Can All Get Along
• Values in Conflict
• Courtroom Dramas
• The Changing Face of Diversity

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We Can All Get Along

• March 3, 1991 Rodney King, an African-America
  beaten by 4 L.A. police officers. The videotaped
  beating causes outrage but the officers
  acquittal incites riots in South Central Los
  Angeles
• 58 people died, 4,000 business destroyed

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Values in Conflict

• The American White Male
• Perceived threat
• The Traditional Male Role
• Promise Keepers
• Father to Father
• The Black Male
• Men Against DestructionDefending Against Drugs
  and Social Disorder
• The Million Man March
• Gays and Lesbians
• Push to legalize same- sex marriages and adoption
  into gay households
• Native American culture clashes with sports
  enthusiasts as well as animal rights activists

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Courtroom DramasThomas

• The nomination of Clarence Thomas to the U.S.
  Supreme Court
• Anita Hill accuses Thomas of sexual harassment
• American Bar Association gives very low rating to
  Thomas
• Thomas is approved increase of women in politics

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Courtroom DramasSimpson

• Nicole Brown and Ronald Goldman murdered on June
  12, 1994
• Circumstantial evidence indicts former football
  star, and media personality, O.J. Simpson
• Trial includes race elements detective Fuhrmans
  racist comments and evidence tampering public
  opinion splits along race lines
• October, 1996 Simpson is acquitted
• Later convicted in a civil suit

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The Changing Face of Diversity

• Although high profile media cases spotlight
  racial tensions, America becomes more diverse and
  tolerant
• 10 of population immigrants
• Asians and Pacific Islanders increase by 45.9
• Latinos increase by 39.7
• Diversity reflected in arts and sports world
• Tiger Woods, Lone Star, Twilight, Los Angeles,
  Prince

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VIOLENCE AND DANGER

• Domestic Terrorism
• Kids Who Kill
• A Healthy Nation?

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Domestic Terrorism

• April 19, 1995 Bombing of Alfred P. Murrah
  Federal Building in Oklahoma City
• Anti-government terrorists, Americans McVeigh and
  Nichols
• Unabomber, Theodore Kaczynski
• Anti-government and anti-modern technology
• Randall Weaver and the FBI
• The FBI and Waco
• Anti-abortion extremists
• Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances

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Kids Who Kill

• Several school shootings by children
• Columbine High School 12 killed
• Gun control
• The NRA and the Second Amendment
• The Brady Bill

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A Healthy Nation?

• Food
• The wealthy experience increase in eating
  disorders such as bulimia and anorexia nervosa
• The poor plagued by obesity targets of the fast
  food industry
• Drugs
• A nation depressed Prozac
• A baby boomer generation growing old hormone
  replacement therapies, Viagra
• Reproduction cloning, egg and sperm donation

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THE CLINTON PRESIDENCY

• Clinton The New Democrat
• Clintons Domestic Agenda and the Republican
  Revolution
• The Impeachment Crisis

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Clinton The New Democrat

• Working class background Rhodes scholar
  anti-Vietnam War former Arkansas governor
• After 12 years of Republican control, national
  debt 4.4 trillion
• Three-way race Republican President George H.W.
  Bush, Democrat Bill Clinton, Reform Party Perot
• The New Democrat wins Presidency
• Centrist views economic views and liberal social
  agenda

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Clintons Domestic Agenda and the Republican
Revolution

• Gays and Lesbians in the military
• Results in failed policy of dont ask, dont
  tell
• Health care
• Hillary Rodham Clinton heads task force but faces
  strong opposition from medical professions and
  pharmaceutical industries
• Raised taxes of the wealthiest, reduced deficit,
  expanded tax credits for low-income families
• Appointed Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Stephen Bryer
  to Supreme Court
• Republicans Contract with America welfare
  reform, balanced budget, more prisons, increased
  defense spending, end to abortion

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The Impeachment Crisis

• 1998 Independent counsel, Kenneth Starr, accuses
  Clinton of breaking a law to cover up affair with
  intern, Monica Lewinsky.
• Charges perjury, witness tampering, obstruction
  of justice
• Republican controlled House impeaches Clinton
  Senate does not find evidence of high crimes and
  misdemeanors
• Clinton maintains high approval ratings

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THE NATION AND THE WORLD

• Trade Agreements
• Efforts at Peacemaking
• Military Interventions and International Terrorism

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Trade Agreements

• North American Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
• Eliminating tariffs and trade barriers among
  U.S., Mexico, Canada
• General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
• Reduced tariffs, phased out import quotas
• Some American jobs moved across borders Mexican
  wages decrease
• China Most-favored-nation

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Efforts at Peacemaking

• Northern Ireland
• Peace agreement negotiated by George Mitchell
• Middle East
• 1993 Arafat and Rubin handshake
• Rubin assassinated
• Late 1990s talks resume
• Sharon elected violence resumes between Israelis
  and Palestinians

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Military Interventions and International Terrorism

• Haiti
• Clinton backs democratically elected, Aristide,
  in opposition to coup leaders with CIA
  connections
• Somalia
• U.S. Marines as part of famine relief force and
  peacemakers
• Warlord Aidid kills 50 Pakistani UN peacekeepers
  and 18 American soldiers
• Balkans
• U.S. air strikes and the 1995 Dayton Accords
• Kosovo, 1999 U.S. military intervenes in Serbian
  invasion
• Serbian leader Milosevic voted out and handed to
  War Crimes Tribunal

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Military Intervention and International Terrorism
continued

• Bombings
• 1993 World Trade Center 5 Americans killed
• 1996 U.S. air base in Saudi Arabia 19 Americans
  killed
• 1998 2 U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania 224
  people killed
• 2000 USS Cole 17 Americans killed
• Al Qaeda and Osama bin Laden

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THE CONTESTED ELECTION OF 2000

• The Campaign, the Vote, and the Courts
• The Aftermath
• Legacies of Election 2000

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The Election of 2000
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The Campaign, the Vote, and the Courts

• Al Gore vs. George W. Bush
• Up and down campaigns, close race after
  nationally televised debate
• The Votes
• Extremely high number of African Americans at
  voting booths show up for Al Gore
• Gore brings in the popular vote Bush carries a
  larger number of states
• Due to confusing ballots in Palm Beach and Duval
  counties, incomplete and erroneous voter
  registration lists, and old voting machines,
  Florida not claimed by either candidate
• The Courts
• Florida Supreme Court orders recount
• U.S. Supreme Court in split decision, 5 to 4,
  stops recounts and declares George W. Bush
  President

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The Aftermath

• Flaws in electoral system evident in Florida and
  other states exposed
• Outdated machines and long lines
• Black voters more likely to lose their votes
• Electoral College debated, but not addressed by
  Congress
• The media and its role in the 2000 Presidential
  election

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Legacies of Election 2000

• First first lady elected to public office
  Hillary Clinton
• Third parties
• The Green Party and Ralph Nader
• An evenly split Senate until Vermont Senator,
  Jeffords, switches from Republican to Independent
• George W. Bush reverses Clintons environmental
  policies, ushers through Congress large tax cut,
  retreats from international treaties and issues