SENTENCES

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SENTENCES
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DEFINITION OF A SENTENCE

• A group of words that make sense.
• Needs a subject.
• Needs a predicate.
• Needs a capital at the beginning.
• Needs ending punctuation.

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What is a SUBJECT?

• A subject is the who or what you are talking
  about in the sentence.
• Example My dog ate my ice cream cone.
• In this sentence, the dog is the simple subject.

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WHAT ARE THE SIMPLE SUBJECTS IN THESE EXAMPLES?

• 1. Talia was out of her seat again.
• 2. She didnt understand why that was wrong.
• 3. Ms. Brown sat and waited for the class to be
• quiet.
• 4. Finally, they realized she was waiting.
• 5. Soon students could identify subjects in a
• sentence.

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WHAT IS A PREDICATE?

• A predicate is what the subject is doing. It is
  usually the verb.
• Example My dog ate my ice cream cone.
• In this sentence ate
• is the simple predicate.

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WHAT ARE THE SIMPLE PREDICATES?

• 1. Talia was out of her seat again.
• 2. She didnt understand why that was wrong.
• 3. Ms. Brown sat and waited for the class
• to be quiet.
• 4. Finally, they realized she was waiting.
• 5. Soon students could identify subjects in a
• sentence.

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TWO-WORD SENTENCES

• If you have a subject, predicate, capital, and
  period, you can create two word sentences.
  (adding a, an, the for a third word is okay.)

Examples She cried. The dragon laughed.
A balloon popped.
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WHICH OF THESE IS NOT RIGHT? WHY?

• 1. I ran.
• 2. The busy boy.
• 3. the door closed.
• 4. Hung up the phone.
• 5. We left
• 6. Youre smart!
• 7. The sleepy child.

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ASSIGNMENT

• Write ten two to three word sentences. For a
  certain reason, do not use proper nouns.
• Make sure all are sentences!
• Underline your subject once.
• Underline your predicate twice.

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MODIFIERS

• Modifiers are words
• that give us a better picture
• of what is happening.
• They are usually adjectives or adverbs.
• They can also suggest when something is
  happening.

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Examples of ADJECTIVES

• Two word sentence The boy cried.
• Adding a modifier The lonely boy cried.
• The young boy cried.
• The silly boy cried.
• The clumsy boy cried.
• The handsome boy cried.

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Examples of ADVERBS

• Two-word sentence Amelia ran.
• Adding an adverb Amelia ran quickly.
• Amelia ran slowly.
• Amelia happily ran.
• Amelia stupidly ran.
• Amelia barely ran.

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Modifiers suggesting WHEN

• Two-word sentence The dragon burped.
• Adding when
• The dragon burped yesterday.
• The dragon burped last week.
• The dragon burped during lunch.
• The dragon burped this morning.
• The dragon burped at two oclock.

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ASSIGNMENT

• Take your ten sentences
• (the two-three word sentences)
• and write them over adding
• an adjective,
• adverb,
• and suggest when they took place.

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CLAUSES

• INDEPENDENT CLAUSE An independent clause
  expresses a complete thought and can stand alone
  as a sentence. IT MUST CONTAIN A SUBJECT AND A
  VERB!
• EXAMPLE We ride our bikes to school.

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CLAUSES

• DEPENDENT CLAUSE A dependent clause does not
  express a complete thought and cannot stand alone
  as a sentence. IT MUST CONTAIN A SUBJECT AND A
  VERB!
• EXAMPLES when the weather is nice
• while I was sick
• because I was afraid
• as I was singing

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WHICH IS WHICH?

• Decide whether these are IC (independent clause)
  or DC (dependent clause)
• Anthony closed his book.
• Because Im happy.
• When I was going to school.
• While I laughed.
• 5. Tomorrow is a new day.

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ASSIGNMENT

• Add a dependent phrase to each of your sentences.
  See page 388 in your Language book.
• Put a slash (/) mark between the independent
  clause and the dependent clause.
• Example
• The overworked students sadly worked during class
  / while Ms. Brown corrected papers.

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PHRASES

• Definition A phrase is a group of related words
  that does not have a subject, or a predicate, or
  both. Phrases do not make a complete thought, so
  they are not sentences.
• There are three kinds of phrases
• NOUN PHRASE
• VERB PHRASE
• PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE

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NOUN PHRASE

• A noun phrase usually includes an adjective and a
  noun
• 1. the adorable panda
• 2. the wise, old tree
• 3. a lucky leprechaun

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VERB PHRASE

• A verb phrase usually includes a verb and an
  adverb and sometimes the object of the action.
• 1. climbed quickly
• 2. slowly spread its branches
• 3. lavishly licked a lollipop

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PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE

• A prepositional phrase describes how, when, or
  where something happens.
• 1. over the mountain
• 2. down to the ground
• 3. after dinner

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ASSIGNMENT

• Write an A-Z list of prepositional phrases. Feel
  free to use pages 360-361 from your Elements of
  Language book.

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TYPES OF SENTENCES

• There are three different kinds of sentences
• SIMPLE SENTENCES
• COMPOUND SENTENCES
• COMPLEX SENTENCES

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SIMPLE SENTENCES

• A simple sentence has just one independent
  clause. It may, however, have a compound subject
  or compound predicate and even a phrase or two
• My knees ache.
• My face and neck look red and feel hot.
• I skated for over two hours.

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COMPOUND SENTENCE

• A compound sentence is made up of two or more
  simple sentences joined together by a comma and a
  connecting word (and-but-or) or by a semicolon
• Ive skated in Los Angeles, but I have only seen
  a picture of New York.
• Ive skated in Los Angeles I have only seen a
  picture of New York.

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COMPLEX SENTENCE

• A complex sentence contains one independent
  clause and one or more dependent clauses.
• The race was called off because it was raining.
• Because it was raining, the race was called off.

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WHICH IS WHICH?

• Tell whether the following are simple, compound
  or complex sentences
• I went to school yesterday, but my brother stayed
  home.
• 2. I dream of getting a hole in one someday on a
  golf course.
• 3. While I slept last night, my cats had a field
  day running around the house.

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ASSIGNMENT

• Do Exercise 16 on page 395 (1-10) and Exercise 17
  on page 398. Write which kind of sentence each
  one is by putting
• simple
• compound
• complex
• next to the number.

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KINDS OF SENTENCES

• There are four kinds of sentences
• DECLARATIVE
• INTERROGATIVE
• IMPERATIVE
• EXCLAMATORY

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DECLARATIVE SENTENCES

• Declarative sentences make statements and end
  with periods.
• EXAMPLES
• The capital of Florida is Tallahassee.
• My name is Ginger.
• He is a kind, gentle person.

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INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

• Interrogative sentences ask questions and end
  with question marks.
• EXAMPLES
• How are you feeling today?
• Whyd you do that?
• When are you going?

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IMPERATIVE SENTENCES

• Imperative sentences give commands. They are
  short and end in periods. Sometimes they drop
  the subject.
• EXAMPLES
• You must never swim alone.
• Never swim alone.
• Sit down in your seat.

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EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES

• Exclamatory sentences show emotion or surprise
  and end with an exclamation point.
• EXAMPLES
• I just saw a dolphin!
• You wont believe what I saw!
• My homework is done!

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WHICH IS WHICH?

• Decide what kinds of sentences these are
• Get up now.
• I will get up now.
• Get up now?
• Get up!

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WHICH IS WHICH?

• Decide what kinds of sentences these are
• Sometimes I wish I could change my name.
• Change your name!
• Change your name.
• Why should I change my name?

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ASSIGNMENT

• Page 317 Exercise 14 Follow the
• directions exactly!
• Page 317318 Review E Follow the
• directions exactly!

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SENTENCE ERRORS

• There are three kinds of sentence errors
• FRAGMENTS
• RUN-ON
• RAMBLING

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FRAGMENTS

• A sentence fragment is a group of words which
  does not express a complete thought
• The cute puppy.
• While I was sick.
• Because he was king.
• The anxious student.

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DO THIS NOW!

1. Open your book to page 263.
2. Write down 1-10.
3. Follow the directions in Exercise 1 Recognizing
   Fragments

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RUN-ON SENTENCES

• A run-on sentence occurs when two sentences are
  joined without punctuation or a connecting word
• She ran to the store she bought a Pepsi.
• The puppy chased the Frisbee I threw it again.
• The rain stopped it became a beautiful day.

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RUN-ON SENTENCES CONT.

• INCORRECT She ran to the store she bought a
  Pepsi.
• CORRECT She ran to the store. She bought a
  Pepsi.
• CORRECT She ran to the store, and she bought
  a Pepsi.
• CORRECT She ran to the store and bought a
  Pepsi.

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DO THIS NOW!

• Open your book to page 266.
• Read the directions for Exercise 3
• Identifying and Correcting Run-on Sentences
• 3. Do 1-5.

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RAMBLING SENTENCES(also called stringy
sentences

• A rambling sentence happens when you put too
  many little sentences together with the word
  and
• I walked to school and I met up with my friends
  and we talked about our homework assignment and
  finally we made it to school and we turned it in
  and we all got good grades on it.

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DO THIS NOW!

• Write the following rambling sentence correctly
• I walked to school and I met up with my friends
  and we talked about our homework assignment and
  finally we made it to school and we turned it in
  and we all got good grades on it.

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WHICH IS WHICH?

• Decide if the following are sentences, fragments,
  run-ons, or rambling sentences
• I didnt bring in my worksheet last week I
  received an Incomplete E.
• She smiled.
• A gorgeous smile.
• My friend and I left home and went to the store
  and bought candy bars and ate them while we
  walked home and then we couldnt eat dinner.

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HOMEWORK!

• On page 268,
• do numbers 1-5
• from Review A.

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COMBINING SENTENCES

• COMBINING SUBJECTS Two short sentences with the
  same subject can be combined to make one sentence
  with a compound predicate
• I was tired. I laid down on my bed.
• I was tired and laid down on my bed.
• How would you do this one
• My dog runs. My dog greets me after school.

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COMBINING SENTENCES

• COMBINING PREDICATES Two short sentences with
  the same predicate can be combined to make one
  sentence with a compound subject
• Bobby was tired. Samantha was tired.
• Bobby and Samantha were tired.
• Notice how the verb changed to match the people.

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HOW WOULD YOU?

• Combine each pair of sentences to make one
  sentence
• Raggedy Ann has red hair
• Raggedy Andy has red hair.
• Answer
• Raggedy Ann and Raggedy Andy have red hair.

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• I received my allowance.
• I quickly spent my money.
• Answer
• I received my allowance and quickly spent my
  money.

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YOU KNOW ALL ABOUT SENTENCES!

• YOUR TEST WILL BE ON
• FIGURES OF SPEECH
• SENTENCE PARTS
• TYPES OF SENTENCES
• KINDS OF SENTENCES
• SENTENCE ERRORS
• COMBINING SENTENCES