Windstorm Inspection Program

1
Windstorm Inspection Program
Hurricane Rita - NASA Image Courtesy the MODIS
Rapid Response Team
2
Goals of Presentation

• Provide Overview of the TDI Windstorm Program
• Discuss Inspections and Certifications by
  Appointed Inspectors
• Discuss Building Specifications
• Discuss Dividing Lines, Wind Speed Requirements,
  Windborne Debris Requirements
• Discuss Building to Meet Codes

3
Overview of the Windstorm Program
4
TWIATexas Department of Insurance

• Texas Windstorm Insurance Association (TWIA)
• Insurer of Last Resort - States wind and hail
  insurance catastrophe pool.
• Provides windstorm and hail insurance for
  structures located in designated catastrophe
  areas along the Texas Gulf Coast.
• Texas Department of Insurance (TDI)
• Certifies to the TWIA that structures are
  insurable against windstorm and hail losses
  (WPI-8 form).
• Provides inspection services and processes
  windstorm forms.
• Evaluates building products for compliance with
  specifications.

5
Top 10 Counties by Insurance in Force
Direct Insurance In Force (Building Contents)
Data Source Quarterly Statistical Report as of
September 30, 2007 from Texas Windstorm Insurance
Association
6
Windpool Liability in Direct Force
Billions of Total Liability
Data Source Quarterly Statistical Report from
Texas Windstorm Insurance Association
7
TWIAWindstorm and Hail Insurance

• To be eligible for windstorm and hail insurance
  coverage through the TWIA, new construction,
  alterations, repairs and additions
• Must be located in a designated catastrophe
  area.
• Must be constructed and inspected for compliance
  with building specifications adopted by the TDI.
• Must be certified as eligible for windstorm
  insurance coverage by the TDI.

8
Designated Catastrophe Areas

• First Tier Counties The following 14 counties
  that are immediately adjacent to the Texas Gulf
  Coast
• Aransas Brazoria Calhoun
• Cameron Chambers Galveston
• Jefferson Kenedy Kleberg
• Matagorda Nueces Refugio
• San Patricio Willacy
• Portions of Harris County Specifically
  designated communities in Harris County that are
  east of State Highway 146. These communities are
  Pasadena, Morgans Point, Shoreacres, Seabrook
  and La Porte.

9
Designated Catastrophe Areas
2006 International Building Code2006
International Residential Code
10
Windstorm Inspection Program

• How do I go about finding an inspector?
• Contact either a TDI inspector at a local field
  office or a Texas licensed engineer appointed as
  a windstorm inspector.
• Search website for field offices, appointed
  engineers or temporary inspectors.
• www.tdi.state.tx.us
• Click Windstorm hotkey on the right side of
  TDI home page

11
Common Types of Inspections
12
Types of InspectionsEntire Building - Residential
2003 International Building Code2003
International Residential Code
13
Types of InspectionsEntire Building - Residential
14
Types of InspectionsEntire Building - Commercial
15
Types of InspectionsRe-roof Application
16
Types of InspectionsRe-roof Application
17
Forensic Inspections
18
Types of Forensic InspectionsExisting
Commercial Building
19
Types of Forensic InspectionsExisting
Commercial Roof
20
Types of Forensic InspectionsExisting
Residential Roof
21
Inspections and Certifications by Appointed
Engineers
22
Windstorm Inspection Program

• Inspections by Engineers
• Texas licensed professional engineers must be
  appointed as a qualified inspector by the
  Commissioner of Insurance. (TIC 2210.254
  2210.255)
• Appointment Process
• Form ENG-1 Application for Appointment as a
  Qualified Inspector.
• No Fee.
• Must have experience in high wind design.
• Engineer responsibilities and TDI oversight
  authority outlined in 28 Texas Administrative
  Code (TAC) 5.4604.

23
Windstorm Inspection Program

• Inspections by Engineers
• May inspect a structure according to high wind
  prescriptive requirements (e.g. WFCM, SSTD10)
• Structure must fall within the design and
  construction limitations of the applicable
  building specification.
• May inspect structure to comply with a design
  generated in accordance with the wind loads
  specified in the TDI building specifications
  (ASCE 7).

24
Windstorm Inspection Program

• Inspections by Engineers
• Windstorm designs and inspections must be based
  on recognized codes, standards, references and
  evaluation reports.
• Documents used for design and construction
  methodologies (IRC, IBC, ASCE 7, ACI, AISI, WFCM,
  SSTD10, ASTM, NDS, APA, etc.)
• ICC evaluation reports, TDI product evaluations,
  UL, FM, Dade County NOA, etc.

25
Windstorm Inspection Program

• Inspections by Engineers
• Responsible for inspections during four major
  stages of construction
• Foundation
• Rough Framing
• Final Framing and
• Mechanical Inspection.
• Engineer may employ an individual to perform
  inspections under their direct supervision for
  which the engineer is personally responsible.

26
Windstorm Inspection Program

• Inspections by Engineers
• Appointed engineers submit signed and sealed
  Inspection Verification form to notify the
  Department of the following
• Structure, repair, alteration or addition
  designed and inspected to meet the applicable
  building code and wind speed.
• Protection of exterior openings was provided (if
  applicable).
• Statement of compliance to notify the TWIA that
  structure is eligible for windstorm and hail
  insurance.

27
Windstorm Inspection Program

• Inspections by Engineers
• Appointed Engineers Subject to Oversight
  Authority by TDI
• TDI may request plans and calculations to verify
  compliance.
• TDI has authority to take enforcement action.
• TDI is required to report any enforcement action
  to the Texas Board of Professional Engineers.

28
Total 428,907 (as of 8/31/2007)
29
Building Specifications
30
Adoption of 2006 I-Codes2006 IRC, 2006 IBC

• Effective January 1, 2008, the following
  International Codes will be enforced
• 2006 International Residential Code (IRC).
• 2006 International Building Code (IBC).

31
2006 International Residential CodeDesign
Criteria

• Construction in regions where the basic wind
  speeds equal or exceed 100 miles per hour shall
  be designed in accordance with the following
• American Forest and Paper Association (AFPA)
  Wood Frame Construction Manual (WFCM)
• SBCCI Standard for Hurricane Resistant
  Residential Construction (SSTD 10)
• Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other
  Structures (ASCE-7-05)
• AISI Standard for Cold Formed Steel Framing or
• Concrete construction shall be designed in
  accordance with the provisions of this code.

32
2006 International Building CodeDetermination of
Wind Loads

• Wind loads on buildings determined using ASCE
  7-05 (MWFRS and CC Tables Removed)
• Exceptions
• American Forest and Paper Association (AFPA)
  Wood Frame Construction Manual for One- and
  Two-Family Dwellings (WFCM) with limitations in
  IBC or
• SBCCI for Hurricane Resistant Residential
  Construction (SSTD 10) with limitations in IBC.

33
ASCE 7-05 Changes

• Windborne Debris Requirements (6.5.9.3)
• Eliminate partially enclosed option.
• Wind Loads for Monoslope, Pitched or Troughed
  Roof (6.5.13)
• Procedure for addressing open structures with
  flat roofs.
• Wind Loads for Solid Freestanding Walls Solid
  Signs (6.5.14)
• Wind Loads for Rooftop Structures (6.5.15.1)

34
Texas RevisionsTDI Amendments to the IRC and IBC

• Texas Revisions are TDI amendments to the IRC and
  the IBC
• Effective January 1, 2006, TDI adopted the
  following
• Texas Revisions to the 2006 IRC.
• Texas Revisions to the 2006 IBC.
• Example Texas Revision Defining windborne debris
  protection requirements for each of the three
  zones that are a part of the designated
  catastrophe area (will discuss later).

35
Texas RevisionsTDI Amendments to the IRC

• R301.2.1 Added CC load table option for garage
  doors.
• R301.2.1.1 Added option to use IBHS Guidelines
  for Hurricane Resistant Residential Construction.
• R301.2.1.1 Specify windborne debris protection
  requirements for each of the three zones and
  require the use of plywood panels with a minimum
  thickness of 15/32 (Inland I and Seaward).
• R308.6.9 - Specify testing and labeling
  requirements for skylights.

36
Texas RevisionsTDI Amendments to the IBC

• 1609.1.1, 1609.1.1.1 2308.2.1 Added option to
  use IBHS Guidelines for Hurricane Resistant
  Residential Construction.
• 1609.1.2 Specify windborne debris protection
  requirements for each of the three zones and
  require the use of plywood panels with a minimum
  thickness of 15/32 (Inland I and Seaward).
• 2405.6 2405.7 - Specify testing and labeling
  requirements for skylights.

37
Dividing LinesWind Speed RequirementsWindborne
Debris Requirements
38
Dividing Lines

• Dividing Lines The designated catastrophe area
  is divided into three zones. They are referred
  to as
• Inland II
• Inland I
• Seaward
• The delineation between Inland II and Inland I is
  roadways and city limits.
• The delineation between Inland I and Seaward is
  the Intracoastal Waterway.

39
Wind Speed Requirements

• Wind Speed Requirements The TDI defined wind
  speeds for each zone using the wind speed map in
  the 2006 IRC/IBC and ASCE 7-05.
• Inland II - 110 mph 3-second gust
• Inland I - 120 mph 3-second gust
• Seaward - 130 mph 3-second gust

40
ASCE 7-05 WINDSPEED CONTOURS
110 mph Contour
120 mph Contour
130 mph Contour
41
Dividing LinesWind Speed Requirements
2006 International Building Code2006
International Residential Code
42
Windborne Debris RequirementsTexas Revisions to
the IRC and IBC

• TDI requirements for windborne debris
• Inland II Windborne debris protection not
  required.
• Inland I Protection required for all exterior
  glazed openings.
• Seaward Protection required for all exterior
  openings.
• Terminology
• Glazing Glass or transparent or translucent
  plastic sheet used in windows, doors, skylights,
  or curtain walls.

43
Windborne Debris
44
Effects of Wind on Homes Wind/Debris on Exterior
Openings
Positive wind pressure
45
Effects of Wind on Small Business Wind/Debris on
Exterior Openings
46
Various Types of Shutters
47
Windborne Debris ResistanceWood Structural Panel
Shutters

• Label shutters.
• Properly attach to structure.

48
Building to Meet Code Requirements
49
Design Calculations

• Were calculations prepared for the project?
• Do they include items such as ..
• Wind load requirements per ASCE 7
• Main Wind Force-Resisting System (MWFRS)
• Components and Cladding (CC)
• Lateral loading analysis (diaphragms, shearwalls,
  moment frames, etc.)
• Uplift loading analysis

50
Design Plans

• Are there windstorm plans for the project?
• Do they include items such as ..
• Shearwall plans.
• Roof and floor sheathing requirements.
• Framing connector and anchor requirements.
• Design pressures for windows, doors, garage
  doors.
• Design pressures for exterior coverings roof
  coverings.
• Requirements for windborne debris resistance.

51
Design Pressure Requirements
What design pressure do I need?
52
Design Pressure Requirements

• Reference
• Table R301.2(2) from 2006 IRC
• ASCE 7-05
• Consider
• Building geometry, building location (wind speed
  and Exposure Category)
• Product location on building (zone)
• Effective wind area carried by product

53
Design Pressure RequirementsProduct Location on
Building
Roof and Wall Zones for Wind Pressures on
Components and Cladding
3
2
3
2
1
5
3
2
2
5
4
a
3
4
5
5
Edge Zones
a
a
54
Design Pressure RequirementsEffective Wind Area
Carried by Product

• Windows, doors, garage doors
• Effective area is size of the product
• Exterior wall coverings mechanically attached
• Effective area is the tributary area of fastener
  (10 sf)
• Exterior coverings fully adhered
• Effective area is the size of insulation board or
  wall panel

55
Design Pressure RequirementsEffective Wind Area
Carried by Product

• Roof coverings mechanically attached or
  partially adhered
• Effective area is the tributary area of fastener
  or individual spot or row adhered by adhesive (10
  sf)
• Roof coverings fully adhered
• Effective area is the size of insulation board or
  roof panel

56
Product Performance
How do I know if a building product complies ?

• TDI product evaluation reports
• Other sources
• Model code evaluation reports (ICC ES, etc..)
• UL FM evaluation reports / listings
• Miami-Dade County NOA reports
• Test reports provided by manufacturer

57
Product Performance

• Evaluation reports include..
• Design pressure ratings
• Windborne debris ratings (applicable products)
• Lateral resistance ratings
• Maximum allowable sizes for product
• Substrate requirements
• Installation requirements

58
Upcoming Projects
59
Upcoming Projects

• Proposed revision to engineer appointment rule
• www.tdi.state.tx.us
• Click Bulletins/Rules hotkey on the right side
  of TDI home page
• Windstorm rewrite project

60
Thank you for your attention
NASA image courtesy the MODIS Rapid Response Team