EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHIKUNGUNYA

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EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHIKUNGUNYA

• Definition
• The study of the distribution and the
  determinants of health related states or events
  in specified population and the application of
  this study to the control of health problems

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EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PYRAMID

• It includes

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VECTOR AND MODE OF TRANSMISSION

• Its a vector borne disease
• Vector is mosquito belonging to AEDES genus
• Other diseases caused by Aedes are
• DENGUE HAEMORRHAGIC FEVER
• YELLOW FEVER
• RIFT VALLEY FEVER

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DESCRIPTION ABOUT AEDES

• Important members causing chickungunya are
• Aedes aegypti
• Aedes albopictus
• Aedes africanus
• Aedes furcifer
• Aedes taylori
• Aedes cordelliri

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Aedes aegypti
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Aedes mosquito

• Abundantly seen in india
• Called TIGER MOSQUITO (white stripes on the
  black body)
• Favourable climate tropical 27c
• Life span of adult mosquito -15 days
• Habitat mainly indoor-living room,offices,
  bussiness places, in isolated containers

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Breeding habitsArtificial accumulation of water
in

• Broken bottles
• Discarded tins
• Fire brackets
• Flower pots
• Coconut shells
• Earthen pots
• Tree holes
• Rubber containers
• Plastic containers

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Breeding places of mosquito
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Biting habits

• Only the female mosquito bites
• Bites mainly in day time
• Bites humans and animal
• Powerful bites / fearless bites
• Bites 3 to 4 times for a satisfactory meal

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Resting habits Flying habits

• Rests in dark corners, walls, umbrellas, book
  shelves, coolers, bed covers.

• Flies around 100 mts from breeding places
• This factor helps in its eradication
• Transported to long distances by aero planes ,
  ship, train.

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Life cycle
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MODE OF TRANSMISSION

• Only the female Aedes bites(blood meal)
• Transmission cycle
• Man
• Becomes infective after ten days of bite
  remains life long infective

Mosquito
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In Africa

• Viruses transmitted in Savanna forests of
  Africa by Aedes africanus,Aedes furcifer
• Vertebrate portion of the cycle is provided by
  non human primates like monkeys Baboons which
  amplify and maintain virus circulation

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In Asia

• Virus is primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti
  and to a lesser extent by Aedes albopictus in
  urban areas.
• Although Asian monkeys develop significant
  viraemia after inoculation. But they never have
  been shown to participate in maintenance or
  amplification of the virus

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GLOBAL OUTBREAK
Year Place No.of Cases
1952 TANZANIA (IN AFRICA) _
1958-1962 BANGKOK THAILAND _
2005 DEC- APRIL 06 REUNION ISLAND 2,25,000
9TH JAN 10TH MARCH 06 MAYOTTE 2833 WHO
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INDIAN OUTBREAK
YEAR PLACE NO.OF CASES SOURCE
1963 CALCUTTA Lakhs 200 death ICMR Bulletin May1980
1964 MADRAS lakhs IJMR 1964
1973 MAHARASHTRA Small outbreaks -
2005 Dec AP 2,00,000 Wikipedia May5th-06
2005 Dec Karnataka 78,000 Wikipedia May5th-06
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Present epidemic in south India

• Mainly affected states are
• Karnataka , Maharashtra, AP
• Recent update on JULY 5th 2006

DISTRICT NO. OF CASES
GULBARGA 55000
BIDAR 42000
TUMKUR 33000
CHITRADURGA 20000
BANGALORE RURAL 8000
BANGALORE URBAN 2000 wikipedia pandemic chikungunya
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