Neuroprosthetics

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Neuroprosthetics

• Brendan OKeefe, Talk 2

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Introduction

• Neuroprosthetics are devices implanted in the
  body that simulate the function of an organ or
  organ system that has since failed due to disease
  or injury
• Their functions range from providing hearing,
  seeing, and feeling abilities as well as
  pain-relief and restoring damaged brain cells
• First documented use in 1957, first cochlear
  implant failed after short time

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Sensory Implants

• Auditory Most commonly the cochlear implant,
  this device gives patients their ability to hear
  back
• Visual In patients with macular degeneration and
  other visual diseases, implants can bring lost
  vision back
• Spinal Cord Stimulator Used for pain relief in
  patients with chronic moderate back pain

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Cochlear Implant

• Most popular neuroprosthetic
• Usually consists of two different sets of parts
• External Outside the ear is the microphone,
  speech processor to filter sound, and transmitter
  to receive auditory input and send the input to
  internal components
• Internal Receiver gets input from transmitter
  and converts it into electrical impulses
• The stimulator is the device that allows this
  technology to be possible. A device containing
  electrodes wound through cochlea and then uses
  the existing (yet damaged) nerves to transmit
  singals directly to brain

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Motor Prosthetics

• Motor prosthetics are devices that support the
  autonomous nervous system
• These are functions that are uncontrollable by
  the patient
• An example is a bladder control implant

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Cognitive Prostheses

• Restore function to brain tissue lost
• Circuits are integrated
• Parkinsons
• Speech Deficits
• Paralysis
• Traumatic Brain Injury

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Challenges

• Size
• Power Consumption
• Data Transmission
• Accuracy

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Future

• Self-charging implants
• Uploading/downloading information
• Controlling machinery with thoughts

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References

• Anissimov, Michael, and Bronwyn Harris. "What Are
  Neuroprosthetics?" WiseGeek. Conjecture, n.d.
  Web. 14 Apr. 2013.
• Andersen, R.A., Musallam, S., and J.W. Burdick.
  Cognitive Based Neural Prosthetics. Web. 14
  Apr. 2013.
• "Neuroprosthetics." Wikipedia. Wikimedia
  Foundation, n.d. Web. 14 Apr. 2013.
• "Cochlear Implant." Wikipedia. Wikimedia
  Foundation, n.d. Web. 14 Apr. 2013.