WWI

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WWI

• Chapter 27

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Setting the Stage WWI

• Causes WWI
• Militarism
• Alliances
• Imperialism
• Nationalism

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The Spark Assassination Archduke Franz
FerdinandJune 28, 1914
http//www.youtube.com/watch?v-E6e8BW0l-E
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Gavril Princep and the Blackhand
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Franz Ferdinands Death Set into Motion a Deadly
Web of Alliances
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WWI Sides The Belligerents

• Allied Powers
• France
• GB
• Russia
• Italy
• United States and Japan (eventually)

• Central Powers
• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Ottoman Empire
• Bulgaria

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WWI A TOTAL WAR

• Total War All resources used for war
• Propaganda
• Civilian responsibility
• New Industrial weapons/inventions in land, air,
  sea

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Weapons by Sea Dreadnoughts

• Revolutionary Design
• All-Big Gun design
• Brand new race to build the biggest and best Navy

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Weapons by Sea U-Boat

• Unterseeboot
• Submarine
• Utilized by Germany to cut off support for Great
  Britain

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Weapons by Air Airplanes and Zeppelins
Red Baron
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Weapons by Land Machine Gun
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Weapons by Land Railroad Guns
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Trenches
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Trench Diagram
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Trench Foot

• Originally it was thought Trench Foot was caused
  by poor morale
• Actual Cause prolonged exposure to damp cold
  conditions

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Weapons by Land Gas
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Burns from Mustard Gas
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Animal Messengers and Gas Masks
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Weapons by Land Tanks
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Total War made WWI a

• War of Attrition
• A slow wearing-down war in which each side tried
  to outlast the other

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Theaters of War
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Major Battles WWI

• 1914
• Battle of Marne
• W-front
• France stops German adv. into Paris
• Trench warfare begins
• Battle of Tannenberg
• E-front
• Huge German Win!
• Prob. Germany in 2-front war

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Verdun February, 1916

• German offensive.
• Each side had 500,000 casualties.

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The Somme July, 1916

• 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
• Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

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Major Battles WWI continued

• 1915
• Battle of Gallipoli
• Turkish-front
• Allies defeated by Ottoman E!
• Russia remains landlocked

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United States Entry into WWI

• U.S. neutral until April 6th, 1917 / May 28th
  1918 our first victory at Cantigny
• (North of Paris)
• Events that pushed U.S. into WWI
• Unrestricted Germ. submarine warfare
• Sinking of Lusitania
• Zimmerman Note / O throw of Russian Czar.

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Russia Before WWI

• Serfdom ended, but most people poor uneducated
• 1904 Russia lost Russo-Japanese War
• 1905 Czar ended Absolute Rule Duma created
• But Duma very weak
• By 1914 Russia Ripe for Revolution!!!

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Russia in WWI

• WWI exposed Russias weaknesses
• No food, No arms, Terrible roads
• Russia Isolated b/c of Ottoman Empire
• By 1917 Russian people army had lost faith in
  the Czar
• Eventually, Czar abdicates and provisional gov.
  created

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Problems w/ Provisional Government

• 2 Big Problems
• Wanted to stay in WWI
• Socialism Growing
• 2 Socialist Factions
• Mensheviks
• Moderates
• Gradual change
• Bolsheviks
• Radicals
• Force change
• Led by Vladimir Lenin
• Peace, Land, Bread

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The October Revolution Nov. 7, 1917

• Bolsheviks o/throw provisional gov.
• After
• Rename self Communist Party
• Sign Treaty of Brest-Litovisk
• But Still Have a Problem
• Opposition from Mensheviks and Czars supporters

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1918 Russian Civil War

• 2 Sides
• Reds Communists
• Whites Mensheviks, all other anti-Red
  including Allies from WWI
• Reds/Lenin kill Czar and his family
• 1921 Reds Win
• 1922 Russia becomes USSR

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Defeat of Central Powers and End of WWI

• 1918
• Germ. focuses on W. Front but had to fight Amer.
• Bulgaria, AH and Ottomans surrender
• Germ. Kaiser steps down German Weimar Republic
  formed
• Weimar Republic signs Armistice in Nov.
• WWI Fighting OVER!!!

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WWI Causalities 16 mill. Dead
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Paris Peace Conference

• Meeting of the Big 4
• GB David Lloyd George
• France George Clemenceau
• United States Woodrow Wilson
• Italy Vittorio Orlando
• Who were these men and what kind of peace did
  each of them want?

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Areas of Concern

• Blame?
• Reparations?
• Colonies of Central Powers?
• Rhineland?
• Alsace-Lorraine?
• Saar?
• Poland?
• Danzig?
• Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Estonia?
• Czechoslovakia?

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Other Problems w/ Paris Peace Conference

• No Russia or Central powers invited!

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Other Problems w/ the Paris Peace Conference

• Russia and Central Powers not invited
• Political Problems
• Territorial Conflicts
• Reparations
• How to maintain peace
• Force
• Wilsons 14 Points
• Freedom of seas, no secret treaties, no economic
  barriers, reduce arms, fair land divisions,
  establish League of Nations

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WWI Causalities
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Treaty of Versailles

• Officially ended WWI 1919
• Treated Germany Harsh
• Formed Independent Republics
• Formed League of Nations

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Europe Before WWI
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Europe After WWI