Command and Control

1
Command and Control
2
Objectives

• 1. Define Command and Control and describe the
  three components which form the basis of the
  command and control system.
• 2. State the administrative chain of command
• 3. State the operational chain of command.
• 4. Explain the purpose for Rules of
  Engagement.

3
Objectives (Continued)

• Describe the Composite Warfare Commander (CWC)
  concept, how and why it works, and the standard
  organization.
• Describe the two types of information
• Describe the six attributes for assessing the
  quality of information.

4
ORGANIZATION
USW Task Force Organization
5
Administrative Chain of Command
6
Organization Example

• COMNAVSURFLANT
• COMCRUDESGRU 2
• USS NORMANDY
• COMDESRON 22
• DD 977
• DD 970
• DDG 75
• DDG 67
• FFG 53
• FFG 56

7
Operational Chain of Command
8
Organization in Gulf

• CJTF SWA
• CVBG
• Works for 5th Fleet
• TF 50
• TG AB 50.1
• TU AAWC (50.1.1)
• TE CG 50 (50.1.1.1)

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CWC Relationship
AWC - (AW) Air Warfare Commander USWC - (AX)
Undersea Warfare Commander SUWC - (AS) Surface
Warfare Commander STWC - (AP) Strike Warfare
Commander C2WC - (AQ) Command Control Warfare
Commander SCC - (AZ) Sea Combat Commander (UW
SWMIO)
10
Area Commanders Roles

• What is the role of the AWC, SUWC, USWC, Strike,
  C2WC?
• What organic assets does each control?
• What inorganic assets does each control?
• Can more than one area commander task the same
  asset at same time?

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Composite Warfare Commander

• Command by Negation
• CWC will over-ride a warfare commander rather
  than overseeing every detail of an operation
• Decentralized Command
• delegating control of warfare areas among
  principal warfare commanders, functional
  commanders, and coordinators.

12
Hostile Act/Intent

• What is an example of a hostile Act?
• What is an example of hostile intent?
• How do these terms affect your Rules of
  Engagement?

13
Rules of Engagement

• Responses to certain situations which are already
  spelled out by the unified commander
• situational criteria that a contact must meet to
  be classified as hostile and fired upon
• Should be flexible to meet changing demands on
  forces

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ROE EXAMPLES

• 1.0 COs right to self defense
• 1.3 Remain outside visual range
• 2.0 Use of Fire Control to warn
• 2.3 Maintain target solution
• 2.5 Train guns on enemy
• 2.8 Maintain visual range (5nm)
• 3.0 warning shots across enemys bow
• 4.0 Engage forces designated hostile

15
Vincennes ROE Implications

• Closed boghammers harrasing German merchant
• Helo closing w/in range
• Helo fired upon
• close Boghammers
• fired upon boats
• enter territorial waters
• inbound A/C

16
WARNING ORDERS

• WARNING WHITE
• WARNING YELLOW
• WARNING RED

17
WEAPONS CONTROL ORDERS

• HOLD
• TIGHT
• FREE

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White/Hold

• No tensions in the Gulf
• No threat expected
• No intelligence
• What do you do if an unknown aircraft is inbound
  emitting a hostile emitter?

20
Yellow/Hold

• Attack probable...
• Political situation in Iran weakening
• Hostilities could increase in the next 72 hours
• What do you do if you detect inbound boghammers
  at 35 knots emitting hostile radar?

21
Yellow/Tight

• Attack probable...
• Intelligence indicates Iranian forces have
  mobilized.
• Not expected in next 48 hours
• Tensions rising
• What can you do if inbound A/C detected at 600
  knots?

22
Red/Tight

• Attack is imminent
• Political situation has dissolved
• Intelligence indicates forces may be airborne or
  put to sea
• What do you do if you detect 4 inbound boghammers
  no emitters?
• What ROE relaxations?

23
Red/Tight

• 2.0 Relaxation given if hostile emitters
  detected, radio challenges negative, wings dirty
  authorized to use fire control radar to warn
• What do you do if this fails, they increase speed
  and descend?

24
Red/Tight

• Hostile Act committed
• White shipping hit by exocet
• Can you engage Iranian attacking aircraft?

25
Red/Tight

• Hostile Act committed
• Missile inbound to U.S. ship?
• Can you engage?
• Missiles misses, aircraft turns outbound, you
  missile still off the rail, can you engage?

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ENGAGEMENT ORDERS

• COVER
• KILL
• CEASE FIRE
• HOLD FIRE

27
Combat Information Center

• Collect
• Process
• Disseminate
• Protect

28
SUPPORT FUNCTIONS

• RADAR REPORTING
• COMMS CONTROL
• A/C CONTROL
• SMALL BOATS / LANDING CRAFT
• AW/USW/SUW
• NSFS

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CONDITIONS OF READINESS

• I - combat
• posture
• II - mod GQ
• III - wartime
• cruising
• IV - peacetime
• cruising

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CONDITION IV
31
CONDITION IGENERAL QUARTERS
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BATTLE BILLPHILOSOPHICAL CHANGES

• BEFORE
• Manned to React
• Executes Routine Maintenance Actions

• AFTER
• Flex to React
• Delegate to Day Workforce

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BRIDGE WATCHSTANDING REDUCTION
FROM
TO
150 CARDS 200 LIGHT BULBS 60 PREVENTIVE
MAINTENANCE ACTIONS VARIED LOGISTICS RQMTS 12
PERSONNEL ON BRIDGE WATCH
35
ENGINEERING WATCHSTANDING REDUCTION
FROM
TO
1960s TECHNOLOGY
1980s/1990s TECHNOLOGY

EQUIP OPERATOR
PACC EPCC POWER SUPPLIES
DCC
DCA

DCC
FUEL


PACC
DAMAGE CONTROL ASSISTANT
FUEL DCC POWER SUPPLIES
PACC
EQUIP OPERATOR
EQUIP OPERATOR

PROPULSION AUX CONTROL, CONSOLE OPERATOR

FUEL
EPCC






ELECTRIC PLANT CONTROL CONSOLE OPERATOR
EQUIP OPERATOR
EPCC

PHONE TALKERS TO REPAIR LOCKERS 2, 3, 5
EOOW/ ICAS
EOOW
EQUIP OPERATOR

DAMAGE CONTROL ASSISTANT
ENGINEERING OFFICER OF THE WATCH

ENGINEERING OFFICER OF THE WATCH
DC PLATES
1500 CARDS 2000 LIGHT BULBS 200 PREVENTIVE
MAINTENANCE ACTIONS VARIED LOGISTICS RQMTS 11
PERSONNEL ON WATCH
7 CONSOLES UNIFORM LOGISTICS RQMTS LITTLE
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE 4 PERSONNEL ON WATCH
GENERAL QUARTERS WATCHSTATION

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DATA LINKS

• LINK 11 (TADIL A)
• LINK 4A (TADIL C)
• LINK 16 (TADIL J)
• OTCIXS (JOTS)

37
Naval Tactical Data System
PU
PU
NCS
PU
PU
NCS interrogates all PUs in sequence for new
data. The time this takes is net cycle time.
38
Naval Tactical Data System
PU
PU
NCS
PU
PU
39
Naval Tactical Data System
PU
PU
NCS
PU
PU
40
Naval Tactical Data System
PU
PU
NCS
PU
PU
41
Naval Tactical Data System
PU
PU
NCS
PU
PU
NCS collects information from PUs and
retransmits it to all ships in the net.
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NTDS Symbology Friendly
Air
Surface
Sub-surface
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NTDS Symbology Unknown
Air
Surface
Sub-surface
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NTDS Symbology Hostile
Air
Surface
Sub-surface
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NTDS Symbology Other Symbols
USW Datum
Helo
Missile
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DETECT TO ENGAGE

• DETECTION
• ENTRY (NTDS/AWS)
• TRACKING
• IDENTIFICATION
• THREAT EVALUATION
• WEAPONS PAIRING/SELECTION
• ENGAGEMENT
• ENGAGEMENT ASSESSMENT (BDA)

47
Primary Operational Objective
Detect Correlate Track ID Relay Engage
Kill Etc
10 07 120 30
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