Kingdom Plantae

1
Kingdom Plantae
An Evolutionary History of Plants
2
Life on Earth The First Forests
Complete the information on the next two slides
(also shown on the handout provided in class) as
you view the film.
3

• From the film, list the order of development
  of the members of the plant kingdom.
• ____________________________________________
  ________________________________________________
  ______________________________________________
  ________________________________________________

4

• Circle the group(s) that exhibit each of
  the properties listed below.
• Require water for swimming gametesmosses club
  mosses ferns cycads conifers angiosperms
• Possess a vascular systemmosses club mosses
  ferns cycads conifers angiosperms
• Produce spores mosses club mosses ferns
  cycads conifers angiosperms
• Produce seeds mosses club mosses ferns
  cycads conifers angiosperms

5
Algae Are the Ancestors of Plants
Algae
Photosynthetic Protists gave rise to plants
6
Characteristics of Plants

• Eukaryotic
• Multicellular
• Autotrophic photosynthetic
• Sexual and asexual reproduction
• Cell wall made of cellulose
• Usually non-motile except for gametes
• Adapted to life on land

7
Adaptations to Life on Land

• Roots and root-like structures
• Conduction vessels
• Structural support
• Water-proof covering
• Pores for gas and water exchange
• Mechanisms for dispersal of reproductive products

8
Evolutionary Treeof Major Plant Groups
Liver-worts
Gymno-sperms
Angio-sperms
Mosses
Ferns
Flowers Fruits appear
Shows increasing adaptations for land dwelling
True vascular tissue lignin appear
Seeds andpollen appear
AncestralAlgae
9
Plant Life Cycle Alternation of Generations
Gametesform by mitosis
Gametophyten
Spores formby meiosis
n
Sperm
Gametes meet fuse to formzygote
n
Egg
Spores
n
n
n
n
2n
2n
Zygote
SporeMotherCell
2n
Sporophyte2n
Embryo
Evolutionary trend reduction of gametophyte
10
Bryophytes Mosses

• No fluid-conducting vascular system
• Enclosed reproductive structures
• Require moist environments

11
Tracheophytes Vascular Plants

• Specialized groups of conducting cells organized
  into vessels
• Functions of vessels
• conduct water and nutrients
• provide support to plant body with lignin
• Largest group of plants

12
Tracheophytes Ferns

• Seedless vascular plants
• Tall leafy Sporophyte
• Gametophyte requires moist environment

Gametophyte
13
Fern Life Cycle
MatureSporophyte
meiosis
SporeCase
mitosis,differentiation,growth
mitosis,differentiation,growth
YoungSporophyte
Egg
growth
mitosis,differentiation,growth
MatureGametophyte
Zygote
Diploid2n
fusionto formzygote
Haploid1n
Sperm
14
Tracheophytes Gymnosperms

• Seed-producing vascular plants
• Pollinated by wind
• Conifers adapted to cold, dry climate
• cones to protect seeds
• evergreen
• waterproof needle-like leaves
• sap does not freeze

15
Tracheophytes Gymnosperms
Coastal Redwood (Tallest Trees)
Giant Sequoia (Largest Living Thing)
16
Two UncommonGymnosperms
Cycad
These plants have separate sexes, ie. male and
female plants.
Gingko
17
Tracheophytes Angiosperms

• Seed and fruit-producing vascular plants
• Broad, waterproof leaves
• Modified leaves Flower reproductive
  structure
• Many have animal pollinators some use wind
• Greatly reduced gametophyte (pollen grain and
  embryo sac with egg)
• Largest number of species (250,000)