Islamic Studies Courses in Chabot, Ohlone, Missoin and De Anza Colleges Fourth and Fifth Pillars of Islam Fasting and Pilgrimage Designed and taught By Hafiz Mohammed Khalid Siddiqi, Ph.D.

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Islamic Studies Courses in Chabot, Ohlone,
Missoin and De Anza Colleges Fourth and Fifth
Pillars of Islam Fasting and Pilgrimage Designed
and taughtByHafiz Mohammed Khalid Siddiqi, Ph.D.

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• The Holy Qurans first revelation came in the
  Holy month of Ramadan, therefore Ramadan is the
  anniversary of The Holy Quran.
• Ramadan receives its holiness and importance
  because of the Holy Quran, therefore it was
  selected by Allah swt (God) to be the month of
  reading Quran and fasting.
• Ramadan is the 9th month in the Islamic calendar
  year which follows lunar system of beginning a
  month by sighting a moon. In this system a month
  has 29 or 30 days and a year 354 days. We lose
  10.5-11 days yearly.

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• Allah (God) created Adam to be His Khalifah
• (Vicegerent) on earth. The main purpose of
• sending Adam and Eve to the Garden of
• paradise before sending them to earth, was to
• provide them with the training on 1. Self
• Control 2. Keep away from Satan 3. Repent, if
• You made a mistake. Ramadan fasting is all
• About self control and taking charge of your
• life. It is all about freeing ourselves from the
• Slavery to our habits, lust, and forbidden
• Desires.

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• O You who believe! Fasting is ordained for you
• as it was ordained for those before you, so that
• you may learn self-restraint. (Fasting) for a
• fixed number of days but if any of you is ill,
  or
• on a journey, the prescribed number (should be
• made up) from days later. For those who can
• Do it (with hardship), is a ransom, feeding of
• A needy person. But he that will give more, of
• his own free will, it is better for him. And it
  is
• better for you that you fast, if you only knew.
• 2/183-184, please refer to 2/185-187 too.

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• The most successful human being will be the
• one who can successfully establish just balance
• Between material and spiritual aspects of life.
• The pressure of our habits is so strong and
• sometimes so tremendous that we become
• Slaves to our habits of overeating, smoking etc
• That disturb the balance and as a result we
• Suffer sometimes obesity of body which results
• In sickness of mind and spirit both.
• Fasting restores that balance annually, and
• Successfully, because it is done collectively.

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• Sawm/Siyam total abstinence from food,
• drink, and lawful intimate marital relationship
• between dawn and dusk.
• Suhur/Sahri to take a light Breakfast, or a
• glass of milk, or juice, or some dates, 90
• minutes before sunrise.
• Imsak to stop eating Suhur at dawn.
• Iftar to break your fast immediately after
• sunset.
• Itikaf Retreat in a Mosque, in last 10 days of
• the holy month of Ramadan.

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• Laylatul-Qadr Night of power, one of the odd
• Nights in last 10 days of Ramadan, considered
• to be better than 1000 months in value of
• devotional deeds. 97/1-5
• Sawm/Siyam is also abstaining from every
• Indecent thought, word, deed. Dont think,
• say, or do evil.
• It is reviewing the past 11 months mistakes
• and resolving firmly to have next 11 months
• free from them. It is one month long practice
• to repel evil with goodness.

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• Fasting during the Holy month of Ramadan is
• one of the five pillars of Islam.
• It is Prophets tradition to sight the crescent
  of
• Ramadan on 29th of previous month Shaban.
• If the new moon wasnt visible, for some Reason,
  30
• days of the month completed.
• Islamic day begins after sunset and not after
• Midnight. From the night of sighting the new
• moon, Taraweeh Prayers of 20 units is offered in
• Group all through the month of Ramadan, after
  Isha
• Prayers,

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• Physical aspects of fasting during Ramadan.
• Intellectual aspects of fasting
• Spiritual aspects of fasting
• Emotional aspects of fasting
• Social aspects of fasting
• Financial aspects of fasting..
• Traveling, sickness and other conditions in which
  you are allowed to delay the fasting.
• Qada, Kaffarah, Fidyah, Sadaqatul-Fitr.
• Etiquette of eating in Ramadan.

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• There are six kinds of fasting 1. Fard
  Compulsory,
• one month fasting of Ramadan. 2. Wajib
  Necessary,
• Nadhr, to vow to fast for a day or days 3.
  Prophets
• Sunnah 9th and 10th days of Muharram, 9th day of
  
• Dhul-Hijjah, 13th, 14th, and 15th, of each month.
  
• 4. Nafilah Extra, 6 days of 10th month, every
  Monday
• and Thursday, 15th day of 8th month, first 8 days
  of
• first month, 5. Makruh undesirable, continuous
• fasting 6. Haram Forbidden, feast days, first
  day of
• 10th month, 10th day of 12th Month, 11th, 12th,
  and
• 13th, of 12th month.

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Fifth Pillar of Islam Hajj (pilgrimage)

• For Hajj are the months well known. If any
• one undertakes that duty therein, let there
• be no obscenity, nor wickedness, nor
• wrangling in the Hajj. And whatever good
• you do, (be sure) Allah knows it. And take a
• provision (with you) for the journey, but the
• best provisions is right conduct. So fear me
• O you that are wise. 2/197-203
• Ifrad, Qiran and Tamattu

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• References 2/158, 189, 196-203, 3/96-97,
• 6/79, 162-163, 22/26-38, 37/99-113, 48/27
• Stoies Zamzam, Rebuilding Kaba, Sacrifice,
• (Qurbani, Udhiyah), Hajj, Umrah, Ihram,
• Talbiyah, Miqat, Tawaf, Istilam, Maqam
• (Station) of Abraham, Say, Halq, Taqsir, Mina,
• Arafat, Muzdalifah, Ramyul-Jamarat, Ifrad,
• Qiran, Tamattu.

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• Mecca
• Hajj is the fifth and final pillar of Islam. It
  is
• the pilgrimage to Mecca, in Saudi Arabia. Hajj
• takes place in the 12th month of the Islamic
• calendar. Every Muslim who is physically and
• financially able must perform pilgrimage once
• in their lifetime. Before going on pilgrimage,
• Muslims are recommended to repay all debts,
• seek the forgiveness of anyone they may have
• upset and re-establish good relations with all.
• Muslims believe that if their Hajj is accepted,
• all of their sins are washed away.

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• Kaba, Baytullah, Baytul Ateeq
• The first House (of worship) appointed for men
• was that at Bakka (Mecca), full of blessings
• and of guidance for all kinds of beings. In it
• are signs manifest (for example), the station
• of Abraham whoever enters it attains security
• Pilgrimage thereto is a duty men owe to Allah,
• those who can afford the journey but if any
• Deny faith, Allah does not stand in need of any
• of His creatures. 3/96-97

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• 
  Multazam

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• Miqat and Ihram The Miqat is a boundary
  outside Mecca. It is a place where intentions
  regarding pilgrimage are purified and pilgrims
  enter into a state of Ihram. Ihram is the
  changing of the mental state to that which is
  most sacred. Pilgrims prepare to communicate with
  God in what is believed to be the world's most
  sacred ground.All men wear the same clothing
  two sheets of plain white, unstitched cotton.
  This dress is a mark of equality between all
  humans. It is also a reminder of the shroud
  Muslims wear in death. For the sake of modesty,
  women do not have to conform to this dress and
  may wear any modest clothing and may not cover
  their face.

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• Ihram is a spiritual state of purity during which
  the person must not quarrel, commit any act of
  violence or engage in sexual activity. "The
  white garments are symbolic of human equality and
  unity before God, since all the pilgrims are
  dressed similarly then pilgrims repeat the
  Talbiyah
•  "Here I am, O God, at Your Command! Here I am at
  Your Command! You are without associate Here I
  am at Thy Command! Your are praise and grace and
  dominion! You are without associate.

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• Tawaful-Qudum, Tawafuz-Ziyarah,
• Tawaful-Widaa
• The most important method of worship in the
• Kaba is Tawaf (Circumambulation), and Tawaf
• has to start from a corner of Kaba which
• Houses the black stone. The black stone came
• from the Garden of Paradise with Prophet
• Adam pbuh, to be placed in Kaba, to be the
• point of beginning of each circle out of seven
• Circles of Tawaf. The black stone, is touched,
• Kissed, or pointed with raising hands.

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• The pilgrim then performs the say ( Efforts
• and endeavors). He hurries seven times
• between two small hills near the Kaba, called
• Safa and Marwah. This commemorates the
• search for water by Hagar, Prophet Abraham's
• Second wife. She strongly believed in Allah
• And concluded in the light of her unshaken
• Faith 1. God has power over everything, He
• can create water for me if He so willed. 2. He
• Taught us that He help those who help
• Themselves. Therefore I must start the search
• First myself.

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• With that idea in mind, she looked around and Saw
  
• two hills Safa and Marwa, she thought, this is
  good
• point for my search for water, so she climbed
  Safa,
• came down, went to Marwa, and continued seven
• times, until she was fully exhausted, physically.
  At
• that point, angel Gabriel appeared and near the
  feet
• of baby Ishmael, touched the ground with his
  wings
• and water started gushing out forcefully. Hager
• thought it will flood the area and said Zamzam,
• Zamzam, (Stop, stop) and made a Boundry. This is
• how its name became Zamzam.

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• Maqam Ibrahim, Zamzam, Ramyul-Jamarat
• Before the 8th of Dhul-Hijjah, a person who
• wants to perform pilgrimage (Hajj)
• pronounces the intention to perform Umrah
• while approaching the Miqat. A second
• intention for the actual Hajj is pronounced at
• a later period. There are several rites to
• properly complete the Hajj and Umrah.

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• In Tamattu, after completing the Umrah,
• the pilgrim changes into everyday clothes.
• All restrictions of the Ihram are
• temporarily lifted. On the 8th of Dhul-
• Hijjah, the pilgrim intends to perform
• Hajj, and puts on Ihram in the prescribed
• manner and proceeds to Mina soon
• after the Fajr Prayers.

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• Mina
• On the 8th day of Dhul-Hijjah, by mid morning,
• Pilgrims go to Mina. This is a large area of land
  
• a few kilometers away from the Kaba and is
• completely tented. Pilgrims stay in Mina for 24
• hours, and perform 5 prayers. They also spend
• their time reciting the Qur'an, learning Hadith,
• doing devotional deeds, and remembering God.
• They leave Mina for Arafat on 9th morning.

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• Arafat
• After Fajr, pilgrims then make their way to
  the plain of Arafat. Arafat is the most important
  part of the Hajj. It is a reminder of the Day of
  Judgment, where Muslims believe humankind will
  stand on a similar plain waiting for judgment.
• Muslims spend the entire day in Arafat,
  praying to God and thinking over the purpose of
  their lives. It is an extremely emotional time.

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• Pilgrims in Ihram

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• Muzdalifah At sunset without praying Maghrib,
  pilgrims make their way to Muzdalifah, another
  massive plain. 3-4 millions pilgrims perform in
  group Maghrib and Ishaa prayers here and spend
  the night in devotional deeds, under the stars,
  with no tents or other covering. Hajj is one of
  the best examples of how humans regardless of
  race, sex, language or status, can live without
  discrimination. The pilgrims will also collect
  pebbles from here for Jamarat.

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• Jamaraat The 10th day morning, pilgrims come
  back to Mina. It is the day of Idul-Adha for the
  rest of the Muslim world.
• They now go to Jamaratul Uqba and throw 7
  pebbles. The Jamaraat are three tall, stone
  pillars which represent Satan. The pillars remind
  pilgrims of the three temptations that were
  presented to Abraham as he was getting ready to
  sacrifice his son. Just as Abraham resisted the
  temptations, pilgrims symbolically reject Satan
  and all of life's temptations, by throwing
  pebbles at the pillars.

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• Farewell Tawaf The final act of Hajj is the
  farewell Tawaf. After this, the Hajj is complete.
  Many people then visit the city of Medina, which
  became Muhammad's pbuh home city. The Hajj is an
  act of remembrance of the Prophet Abraham who is
  revered in Islam. Abraham is regarded as the
  Father of the Prophets, from whose lineage came
  Moses, Jesus and Muhammad pbut, Both Mecca and
  Medina are extremely sacred lands for Muslims,
  because of their association with Abraham and
  Muhammad pbut.

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• Shaving or cutting the hairOnce the pilgrim has
  completed the 10th day Jamaratul-Uqbah rite,
  they cut or shave their hair and in doing so
  leave the state of Ihram physically. It is
  recommended that men shave their heads
  completely, but women need only cut a lock of
  hair. This is symbolic of being reborn and
  cleansing the body as well as soul. Pilgrims may
  now wear normal clothes and wear scent, which
  they were not allowed to do in the natural state
  of Ihram.The next two or three nights will be
  spent at Mina, on each day of which pilgrims will
  return to the Jamaraat and throw pebbles at the
  pillars. The time is also spent in praying,
  reading the Qur'an and contemplating.

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• The Mosque of the Prophet pbuh, in Madina

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