Title: (Copy the following 17.2 Class Notes chart on Portfolio p127)
1(Copy the following 17.2 Class Notes chart on
Portfolio p127)
- disunity in the South skip two lines
- Copperheads skip one line
- Lincolns response to Copperheads skip two
lines - Confederacys conscription policy skip two
lines - Unions conscription policy skip two lines
- bounty skip one line
- New York draft riots skip one line
- food shortages skip one line
- inflation skip one line
- impact of the war on the Union economy skip two
lines - examples of slave resistance skip two lines
- effects of the Emancipation Proclamation
2Lesson 17.2a The War at Home
- Today we will explain how the Civil War affected
civilians.
3Vocabulary
- Copperhead Northerner who wanted peace with the
Confederacy instead of victory in the war - civilian anyone who is not in the military
- conscription forced service in the military
- bounty cash bonus paid for enlisting
- inflation increase in prices due to a decrease
in the value of money - income tax a tax on earnings
- greenback paper money printed by the Union
during the Civil War
4What is an income tax?
- An income tax is a tax on earnings, first adopted
during the Civil War.
5What was a greenback?
- A greenback was a form of paper currency issued
by the federal government during the Civil War.
6What We Already Know
- Public opinion remained divided in the North,
where many people disapproved of Lincoln and the
war.
7What We Already Know
- The Northern economy was much more industrialized
than the Confederacys economy.
8What We Already Know
- Most of the fighting of the Civil War, and the
worst of the destruction, would occur on Southern
soil.
9Disagreements About the War
- By 1863, many Southerners were growing weary of
the war and its constant sacrifices.
10Disagreements About the War
- Food riots had broken out in several Southern
cities, including Richmond, the capital city.
11Disagreements About the War
- Southern soldiers deserted the army in large
numbers. - By 1863, the Confederate army had shrunk by
almost 40 due to casualties and desertion.
12Disagreements About the War
- Southerners like Jefferson Davis believed the
Constitution upheld the individual sovereignty
and independence of states over that of any
central government.
13Disagreements About the War
- The Confederate states often fell into
disagree-ment. - The same principle of states rights that led
them to break with the Union kept them from
coordinat-ing their war effort.
14Disagreements About the War
- Disagreements over the conduct of the war also
arose in the North. - Lincolns main opponents were the Copper-heads,
Northern Democrats who favored peace with the
South.
15Disagreements About the War
- President Lincoln had protesters arrested and
suspended the writ of habeas corpus, which
prevents the government from holding citizens
without a trial.
16Get your fingers ready!
177. What did Southerners like Jefferson Davis
believe the Constitution said about the rights of
states?
- The constitution upheld the individual
sovereignty and independence of states. - States can secede from the Union, but only with
Congressional approval. - The rights of states are based on the
Constitution. - Under the Constitution, states may not secede
from the Union under any circumstances.
188. How did the Souths principle of states
rights undermine the Confederate war effort?
- The South had few mines to provide natural
resources that the Confederate war effort
required. - Each state worked in its own interest, preventing
the coordination of efforts. - Each state decided for itself how much of its
mining wealth should be contributed to the
government. - Several states seceded from the Confederacy
itself.
19What is a Copperhead?
Choose all that are true!
20What is a Copperhead?
- Political opponent of Abraham Lincoln
- Southerner who favored peace with the North
instead of victory in the war. - Political opponent of Jefferson Davis
- Northerner who favored peace with the South
instead of victory in the war. - Person who helped runaway slaves escape through
to the Union lines
Choose all that are true!
219. How did President Lincoln deal with
Copperheads and war protests?
- He had many war protestors arrested.
- He tried to win them over to his viewpoint by
using logic and persuasion. - He suspended habeas corpus, which prevents the
government from holding citizens without a trial. - He exiled Copperheads and their families to the
Confederacy. - He ordered the execution of several leading
Copperheads.
22The Draft Laws
- As the war dragged on and more soldiers were
needed, the government passed conscription laws
that required men to serve in the military.
23The Draft Laws
- Both sides allowed wealthy men to hire
substitutes to serve in their place.
24The Draft Laws
- Confederate conscription laws required all men
between 18 and 45 to enlist, with few exceptions.
- But planters who owned 20 or more slaves could
avoid service in the Confederate army. - Poor Southerners complained that it was a rich
mans war but a poor mans fight.
25The Draft Laws
- The Union government could afford to offer
bounties to men who volunteered to serve, and
fewer men needed to be drafted.
26The Draft Laws
- Even so, the draft was extremely unpopular.
- New York City suffered four days of riots, during
which rioters destroyed property, attacked people
on the streets, and killed many African Americans.
27Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
Get your fingers ready!
28Conscription is a law that required men to serve
in the military.
What is conscription?
29What is a bounty?
- A bounty is a cash payment given by a government
to volunteers who enlisted.
3010. How did the draft laws in the North and South
differ?
- Only the North required all men between 18 and 45
to enlist, with few exceptions. - Only the Confederacy allowed draftees to hire
substitutes to serve in their place. - The North offered volunteers a bounty of 300,
which led to more volunteers. - The Union allowed very wealthy farmers to be
exempt from military service.
31Economic Effects of the War
- Food shortages were very common in the South,
because so many farmers were away fighting in the
army. - Another reason for the shortages was that farmers
insisted on planting cash crops like cotton
instead of food crops.
32Economic Effects of the War
- Southern civilians rioted over food shortages in
several Confederate cities, including Richmond,
the capital and broke into shops and stole food
and other goods. - Inflation made life harder for working people,
with prices rising 9,000 percent.
33Economic Effects of the War
- Overall, war production boosted industry and
fueled the Northern economy. - In the long term, manufacturing would begin to
replace farming as the basis of the national
economy.
34Economic Effects of the War
- Early in the war, the Union established the first
income tax and began issuing a new paper
currency, known as greenbacks.
35Economic Effects of the War
- The income tax helped the Union to pay for the
war.
36Economic Effects of the War
- The new currency helped the Northern economy by
ensuring that people had money to spend.
37Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
Get your fingers ready!
38Why did the South experience food shortages?
- Too many farmers were away fighting in the army.
- Food was being sent to the front to feed the
army. - Farmers insisted on planting cash crops like
cotton instead of food crops. - Slaves that could have produced food were drafted
into the Confederate army.
Choose all that are true!
3911. How did the war affect the economy in the
South and the North?
- Slave resistance hurt the Southern economy.
- Food shortages caused by the war were common in
the South. - Inflation was much higher in the North than it
was in the South. - War production boosted Southern industry.
- Several Southern cities experienced food
shortages, even riots.
Choose all that are true!
40Resistance by Slaves
- With so many Southern men off to war, slaves
often resisted by slowing their pace of work or
stopping altogether.
41Resistance by Slaves
- Acts of sabotage against crops and farm equipment
were very common.
42Resistance by Slaves
- A few slaves even rose up in rebellion against
their owners.
43Resistance by Slaves
- More commonly, though, slaves ran away from
plantations to join the Union forces as they
pushed farther into Confederate territory.
44Resistance by Slaves
- After Lincoln issued the Emancipation
Proclamation, even more slaves ran away from
plantations, with as many as half a million
having fled to Union lines by the end of the war.
45Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
Get your fingers ready!
46Why did slave resistance grow as the war
progressed?
- Slaves sometimes found soldiers discarded
weapons to use. - More Southern men were away fighting, and their
wives couldnt control the slaves. - As Union troops drew nearer, slaves grew bold
enough to resist. - Confederate soldiers were removed from patrolling
the plantations and sent to the front. - As food supplies dwindled, hungry slaves were
less willing to submit to their masters.
Choose all that are true!
47What was the least common form of slave
resistance?
- Slowing down or stopping work
- Breaking tools and farm equipment
- Destroying crops
- Rising up against their masters
- Running away to the Union army
48Lesson 17.2b Women and Prisoners of War
- Today we will describe how women aided the war
effort and discuss the conditions endured by
prisoners of war.
49Vocabulary
- counterpart someone doing as you do, but on the
other team or side - exposure effects of being without protection
from the weather - dwarfed made to seem small by comparison
50What We Already Know
- Thousands of men, North and South, left their
farms and offices to serve in the armed forces.
51What We Already Know
- In the North, Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation
led tens of thousands of African Americans to
join the Union army.
52What We Already Know
- Before the Civil War, few women worked outside
their homes.
53Women Aid the War Effort
Read aloud with me!
- With so many men away at war, women in both the
North and the South assumed increased
responsibilities.
54Women Aid the War Effort
- Women plowed fields and ran farms and plantations.
Read aloud with me!
55Women Aid the War Effort
- They also took over jobs in offices and factories
that had previously been done only by men.
56Women Aid the War Effort
- Other social changes came about because of the
thousands of women who served on the front lines
as volunteer workers and nurses.
57Women Aid the War Effort
- Relief agencies put women to work washing
clothes, gathering supplies, and cooking food for
soldiers.
58Women Aid the War Effort
- Battlefield nursing, which was once done only by
men, became a respectable profession for many
women during the Civil War.
59Women Aid the War Effort
Read aloud with me!
- Women also played a key role as spies in both the
North and the South.
60Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
Get your fingers ready!
6112. What new roles were taken on by women during
the Civil War?
- Nursing
- Holding positions in the government
- Cooking and laundering for soldiers
- Working on farms and plantations
- Working in offices and factories
- Spying for the government
Choose the one that is NOT true!
62Women Aid the War Effort
- Before the Civil War, most military nurses were
men, like the poet Walt Whitman.
63Women Aid the War Effort
- By the end of the war, around 3,000 nurses had
worked under the leadership of Dorothea Dix in
Union hospitals.
64Women Aid the War Effort
- Trained as a schoolteacher, Clara Barton was
working for the government when the Civil War
began. - She organized a relief agency to help with the
war effort. - While our soldiers stand and fight, she said,
I can stand and feed and nurse them. - She also made food for soldiers in camp and
tended to the wounded and dying on the
battlefield.
65Women Aid the War Effort
- At Antietam, she held a doctors operating table
steady as cannon shells burst all around them. - The doctor called her the angel of the
battlefield. - After the war, Barton founded the
American
Red Cross.
66Women Aid the War Effort
- Mary Ann Bickerdyke was a widow who made herbal
medicine before the war. - Her study of natural medicine, which stressed the
benefits of clean water and cleanliness, is
credited with saving more lives than all the army
physicians.
- Bickerdyke volunteered to clean tents, set up
field kitchens and operate army laundries. She
brewed hot soups and prepared nutritious meals in
field kitchens.
67Women Aid the War Effort
- Known simply as Mother Bickerdyke, she followed
the Union army and established more than 300
field hospitals to assist sick and wounded
soldiers. - During battles, Mother Bickerdyke commonly
risked her own life by searching for wounded
soldiers on the battlefield.
68Women Aid the War Effort
- Susie King Taylor was an African-American woman
who wrote an account of her experiences as a
volunteer with an African-American regiment. - Married to a Negro soldier, she moved with her
husband's regiment, serving as nurse and
laundress, and teaching many of the black
soldiers to read and write during their off-duty
hours.
69Women Aid the War Effort
Read aloud with me!
- Like their Northern counterparts, Southern women
were also active as nurses and as volunteers on
the front.
70Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
Get your fingers ready!
71Which of the following women did NOT serve as a
Civil War nurse?
- Clara Barton
- Sarah Rosetta Wakeman
- Mary Ann Bickerdyce
- Susie King Taylor
72What did Clara Barton do after the war?
- Helped to found the American Red Cross
- Organized the World Health Organization
- Became a wealthy businesswoman
- Was appointed Surgeon General by the president
73Women Aid the War Effort
- Women also played a key role as spies in both the
North and the South.
74Women Aid the War Effort
Read aloud with me!
- Harriet Tubman served as a spy for Union forces
along the coast of South Carolina.
75Women Aid the War Effort
- The most famous Confederate spy was Belle Boyd.
- Although she was arrested six times, she
continued her work through much of the war. - After the war, Boyd became an actress in England,
but in 1869, she returned to the United States
and began touring the country giving dramatic
lectures about her life as a Civil War spy.
76Women Aid the War Effort
- A popular Washington widow and hostess when the
Civil War began, Rose Greenhow used her feminine
charms to pass along to Confederate officials
information on the defenses of Washington and
Union troop movements.
77Women Aid the War Effort
- She is credited with providing General P.G.T.
Beauregard with information resulting in the
Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run in
July 1861.
78Women Aid the War Effort
- Both the Union and Confederate armies rejected
the enlistment of women. - Women who wanted to serve in the army disguised
themselves as men and assumed masculine names. - Because many of them successfully passed as men,
it is impossible to know with any certainty how
many women served in the Civil War.
79Women Aid the War Effort
- But at least 135 women soldiers are known to have
fought in the Civil War disguised as men,
although estimates believe the figure to be
closer to 400. - Of these brave women fighting on both sides of
the line was one named Sarah Rosetta Wakeman.
80Women Aid the War Effort
- Wakeman served from April 1862 and fought in the
Battle of Pleasant Hill in April 1864. - She died from dysentery on later that year.
- Her true gender was not known until Wakeman's
many letters home were discovered many years
later by a relative.
81Women Aid the War Effort
Read aloud with me!
- In some areas of the country, women formed Home
Guards in order to protect the home front while
the men and boys were gone.
82Women Aid the War Effort
- Some of these groups consisted only of teenagers
and young women, who practiced and drilled and
made their own uniforms to look like those worn
by male soldiers.
83Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
Get your fingers ready!
84Which of the following women did NOT serve as a
Civil War spy?
- Harriet Tubman
- Belle Boyd
- Mary Ann Bickerdyce
- Rose Greenhow
85Civil War Prison Camps
- Women caught spying were thrown into jail, but
soldiers captured in battle suffered far more.
86Civil War Prison Camps
- At prison camps in both the North and the South,
prisoners of war faced terrible conditions.
87Civil War Prison Camps
- One of the worst prison camps in the North was in
Elmira, New York. - In just one year, more than 24 percent of
Elmiras 12,121 prisoners died of sickness and
exposure to severe weather.
88Civil War Prison Camps
- Conditions were also horrible in the South.
- The camp with the worst reputation was at
Andersonville, Georgia. - Built to hold 10,000 prisoners, at one point it
housed 33,000. - A staggering 13,700 men died within thirteen
months at Andersonville.
89Civil War Prison Camps
- Inmates had little shelter from the weather.
- Most slept in holes scratched in the dirt.
- Drinking water came from one tiny creek that also
served as a sewer.
90Civil War Prison Camps
Read aloud with me!
- As many as 100 men per day died at Andersonville
from starvation, disease, and exposure.
91Civil War Prison Camps
- People who saw the camps were shocked by the
condition of the soldiers, comparing them to
mummified corpses.
92Civil War Prison Camps
- Around 50,000 men died in Civil War prison camps.
But this number was dwarfed by the number of dead
on the battlefronts and even more from disease in
army camps.
93Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
Get your fingers ready!
94What were two of the nations worst Civil War
prison camps?
- Bradenton, Maryland
- Elmira, New York
- Andersonville, Georgia
- Paducah, Kentucky
- Evansville, Indiana
Be sure to choose TWO!
9513. Why did so many soldiers suffer and die
behind enemy lines in places like Andersonville,
Georgia and Elmira, New York?
- They were army headquarters, and as such were
targets for spies. - They were sites of early battles in which black
troops led the attack. - They were prisonerofwar camps, where soldiers
suffered disease and starvation. - They were part of Lee's second invasion of the
North.
96Portfolio 17.2 Study Questions (p54)7. What
did Southerners like Jefferson Davis believe the
Constitution said about the rights of
states?8. How did the Souths principle of
states rights undermine the Confederate war
effort?9. How did President Lincoln deal with
Copperheads and war protests? 10. How did the
draft laws in the North and South
differ?11. How did the war affect the economy
in the South and the North?12. What new roles
did women take on during the war?13. Why did so
many soldiers suffer and die behind enemy lines
in places like Andersonville, Georgia and Elmira,
New York?
97(Copy the following 17.2 Class Notes chart on
Portfolio p)
New war-time roles for women Clara Barton
Mary Ann Bickerdyce Susie King Taylor
Harriet Tubman Belle Boyd Rose Greenhow
Sarah Rosetta Wakeman Andersonville, Georgia
Elmira, New York Causes of death for
prisoners of war
Skip two blank lines between each one!