Skrivnostni svet nekodirajocih delov evkariontskih genomov - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Title: Skrivnostni svet nekodirajocih delov evkariontskih genomov


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Skrivnostni svet nekodirajocih delov
evkariontskih genomov Kordiš Dušan Odsek za
biokemijo in molekularno biologijo, IJS, Ljubljana
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Nekodirajoca DNA zavzema pretežni del genomov pri
eukariontih
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Genomska arhitektura
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Chromosome organization
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Evolucija kromosomov
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The forces affecting genome size evolution
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Velikosti genomov in število genov pri
prokariontih in eukariontih
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Funkcionalna evolucija nekodirajoce DNA
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Deletion of a conserved noncoding sequence
selectively reduces expression of cytokine genes
over a long distance
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Percent identity plots comparing human and other
sequences at three loci (CNSred, exonsblue,
intronsyellow)
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Cis-regulatorna evolucija
gradual, stepwise accumulation of sites that
impart quantitatively greater Hox influence over
gene regulation
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Important regulatory inventions leading to the
crown group bilaterians
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Cis-regulatory logic during development
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Introni izvor, evolucija in vloga v genomu
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Transpozicijski elementi
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B. McClintock odkritje transpozicijskih
elementov/dinamicni genom
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Kakšen genoma zavzemajo TE
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Spremembe sesalskih genomov po retrotranspoziciji
L1 elementov
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Kakšen vpliv ima nacina razmnoževanja na
preživetje TE
nespolno
spolno
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Povezava ekologije in velikosti genoma dinamika
genoma na populacijskem nivoju
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Kako lahko Alu elementi poškodujejo cloveški
genom ?
Homologna rekombinacija med Alu elementi
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Mechanisms of genome expansion in the grass
genomes
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Mechanisms leading to genome contraction
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Genome organization and gene distribution in
cereal genomes
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Model for evolution of gene-containing regions in
cereal genomes
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Genome defense and regulation by small RNAs
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RNA interferenca
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MicroRNA (miRNA)
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Epigenetsko utišanje transpozicijskih elementov
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Model of the origin and potential functions of
microRNAs
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Model delovanja RNAi
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How RNAi initiates chromatin silencing
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Chromatin remodeling, transcriptional activity
and heterochromatin
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Epigenetsko reprogramiranje med gametogenezo
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chromatin remodeling and demethylation during
(a) normal fertilization and (b) during cloning
by nuclear transfer.
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Chromatin as a template of genetic inheritance
epigenetics as process inducing differentiated
cellular states
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Central role for RNAi in genome maintenance RNAi
responds not only to exogenous nucleic acids but
also to endogenous DNA parasites
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Uporaba RNA interference v funkcionalni genomiki
in medicini
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Potencialna uporaba RNAi pri sesalcih
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RNA interferenca in zdravljenje raka
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(a) A viral vector delivers a gene encoding a
small interfering RNA (siRNA) to silence the
mutant allele of a cancer-causing gene. The
vector encodes a short RNA hairpin, which is
processed in the cytoplasm by the ribonuclease
Dicer into the siRNA. (b) The siRNA acts as a
sequence-specific guide for the RNA-induced
silencing complex (RISC) to target cleavage of
the mRNA from a specific gene, in this case, the
mutant allele of an oncogene.
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The genetic flow and mRNA processing, indicating
possible strategies for gene regulation
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HIV infection and replication have been targeted
by RNA interference (RNAi) (red). preventing
HIV entry and subsequent replication RNAi has
also been used to suppress CD4 expression in host
cells (blue).
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Inhibicija HIV replikacije z RNAi
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Future possibilities for therapy treatments using
RNAi vectors