Whakaoranga Whanau: Whanau Resilience

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Title: Whakaoranga Whanau: Whanau Resilience

1
Whakaoranga Whanau Whanau Resilience

2
Outline

3
Question What are the resilience strategies
employed by Maori whanau?

Resilience the ability to withstand and rebound
from crisis and adversity
Extensive International Literature (Western
Models)
Often focused on Individuals Resilience
Recent acknowledgement of family systems
Collective Resilience
Networks, Family belief systems, Organizational
patterns, Communication, Spirituality,
coping/protective factors.
Lack of Maori-based Resilience research (cultural
perspectives)
? Deficit Theory - Strength orientated
Recent interest attached to Whanau Ora.

4
Methods

Whanau interviews (n 15) kanohi-ki-te-kanohi
- Family death, chronic ill-health,
redundancy, incarceration, disabilities,
solo-parenting etc.
Rural and Urban
mixed, blended
Participation in Te Ao Maori
Analysis
- Thematic Networks
Key Informant interviews (n 10) kaumatua,
family practitioners, clinicians,
psychiatrists/psychologists, policy makers,
academics and researchers
Design a Conceptual Framework - Coping
Strategies and Protective Factors

5
Principles Networks/Relationships

Whakapapa Whanau, Kaupapa Whanau,
Significant attachments, Whanau systems,
Tangihanga.
of course my whanau, theyre always there no
matter what crap weve been through or given each
other. Just to know that theyre always there
whether its money, whether its just support,
like I could not have done this research without
them. You know, work full time and be a single
Mum, impossible, especially the travel that I
do. (single-parent)
it was good even just to go there and she was
so happy, especially to see mumkuia and so its
that intergenerational kind of support that can
help people when theyre feeling down (family
death)
One of my mums safety mechanisms for us when
our father had his alcoholism, was that if she
knew that the abuse was going to happen in the
house, get down to Aunty Bettys house, you
know. (multiple life shocks)
Yeah, and aunties and uncles in a real broad
term. So shes got heaps of aunties and uncles
even though Ive got only four brother and
sisters, shes got heaps of aunties and uncles
and cousins. So all of those things have
supported me through this (single-parent)

6
Principles Abilities and Skills

Flexibility, Education, Sport/Exercise, Humour,
Positivity, Aroha/Manaaki, whanau accounts,
Previous exp.
yeah built it up protective factors, wed
always made sure that we went back home to visit
all the aunties and uncles and those kind of
things. Because while dad was doing his studies,
every January he would take two weeks off and
then wed go up home up north and do the
visiting rounds, so we already had all those
kind of systems in place before dad died. He had
a lot of time for my family and so we already had
the strong support from my aunties and uncles,
and that also gave me the strength when he passed
on (family death)
You know, my strategies of parenting and
resilience have evolved over time. You know, Im
less rigid compared to what I used to be and I
have to accommodate contemporary challenges for
adolescents. I have to move and shift with
whats working for my tamariki. (multiple life
shocks)
So, one of the big things about going through
the adversity that we had, was being able to use
that to help other people help our whanau, help
other people. To me, thats a wonderful thing
and its healing for us, too that we can go and
manaki people whove been saddened. (suicide)

7
Principles Meaning, Values and Faith

8
Framework (adpated from Gunnestad, 2003)
9
Conclusions

Nothing new
Not fixed, but rather dynamic
The broad principles which contribute to whanau
and family resilience are similar
The application and interpretation of these
principles can be quite different
For whanau resilience strategies are both
generic and culturally specific
Resilience strategies (the mix of generic or
culturally specific) will vary amongst whanau
Implications social capital, whanau identity,
s-determination, sound education.

10
Culturally Aligned Resilience Factors