Introduction to Biological Processes

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Introduction to Biological Processes

• ENVE 649

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Taxonomy

• Life could be divided into
• Prokaryotes (pro care ee oats, roughly
  bacteria that is, a single cell without a
  nucleus)
• Eukaryotes (you care ee oats) a cell or cells
  with a nucleus.
• Another common division of life is into five
  kingdoms

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The Kingdoms

• Monera
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia

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The Kingdoms
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Nutrition, Carbon Source

• Autotrophs
• get carbon from carbon dioxide
• Heterotrophs
• carbon from other than CO2

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Nutrition, Energy Source

• Chemotrophs
• energy from breaking down nutrients
• inorganic lithotrophs
• carbon from organic organotrophs
• Phototrophs
• energy from sunlight

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Oxygen

• Aerobic
• need oxygen
• Anaerobic
• facultative, can tolerate oxygen
• Obligate anaerobes, killed by oxygen

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• Next two slides give some numbers, which you
  dont have to know, but the principle is
  important most microorganisms will thrive only
  in certain environments.

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Temperature

• Cryophilic 12 - 18 C
• Mesophilic 24 - 40 C
• Thermophilic 55 - 65 C

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pH Dependence

• Acidophiles pH lt 3
• Neutophiles 4 lt pH lt 9
• Alkalophiles pH gt 10

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Other Nutrients

• Minerals
• Nitrogen Source

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Heterotrophic Reactions
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Fermentation, two steps
Organic acid, methanogenesis
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Batch Culture Growth
Stationary
Number of micro-organisms
Death
Log
Lag
Time