Obesity Trends across the U.S.A

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Obesity Trends across the U.S.A
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How the trends were established?

• The CDC began in 1985 monitoring obesity trends
  across the United States. This was done through
  the CDCs Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance
  System (BRFSS). The BRFSS consist of state
  health departments using standard procedures to
  collect data through a series of monthly
  telephone interviews with United States adults.

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Defining Overweight

• Overweight refers to increased body weight in
  relation to height, when compared to some
  standard of acceptable or desirable weight.
• Remember Just because your overweight may or
  may not be from excess body fat.

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Overweight
Example Professional Athletes may be overweight
but due to lean muscle mass. BMIs of 25-29.9
are considered overweight.
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Defining Obesity
Obesity defined as an excessively high amount of
body fat or adipose tissue in relation to lean
body mass. Remember The amount of body fat
includes concern for both the distribution of fat
throughout the body and the size of the adipose
tissue deposits.
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BMIs of 30 or more are considered obese.
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• In 1985 there were few states reporting obesity
  information.
• In 1991, four states were reporting obesity
  prevalence rates of 15-19 with NO states
  reporting rates at or above 20.

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In 2002, 20 states have obesity prevalence rates
of 15-19, 29 states have rates of 20-24 and
three states report a rate over 25.
(ALABAMA is always a Leader!)
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BRFSS, 1985
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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BRFSS, 1986
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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BRFSS, 1987
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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BRFSS, 1988
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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BRFSS, 1989
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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BRFSS, 1990
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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BRFSS, 1991
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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BRFSS, 1992
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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BRFSS, 1993
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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BRFSS, 1994
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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BRFSS, 1995
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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BRFSS, 1996
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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BRFSS, 1997
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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BRFSS, 1998
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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BRFSS, 1999
(BMI 30, or 30 lbs overweight for 5 4 woman)
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BRFSS BMI gt 30, or 30 lbs. overweight for 5'4"
woman
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What is BMI?

• BMI is a common measure expressing the
  relationship (or ratio) of weight to height.
• It is a mathematical formula in which a persons
  body weight in kilograms is divided by the square
  of his/her height in meters.

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What is BMI?

• The BMI (body mass index)
• is more highly correlated with body fat than
  any
• other indicator of height
• and weight.

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How is BMI calculated?
Weight in kilograms Height in meters2 (squared)

• BMI

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Here is an example

• Female who is 56 tall and
• current body weight of 183

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To convert height into meters

• Height in inches times 2.54 centimeters
• Take centimeters divide by 100, this gives you
  height in meters.
• Then take that number and square it

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To convert pounds to kilograms

• Weight in Pounds divided by 2.2 Weight in
  kilograms
• Note There are 2.2 kg in
• every pound!

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Lets try our example...

• Female who is 56 tall
• and current body
• weight of 183

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To convert height into meters 65 inches times
2.54 165 cm Take 165 centimeters divide 100
1.65 meters Square meters 1.65 times 1.65
2.72
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To convert pounds to kilograms 183 pounds
divided by 2.2 83 kilograms
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Outcome
This Female who is 56 and weighs 183 pounds has
a BMI of
83 kilograms 30.5 2.72 meters
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Remember What does that mean?
Overweight is 25 29.9 Obese is 30 or more
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Why worry about weight and BMI numbers?
Research studies have shown that being overweight
or obese increases the risk of developing a
number of health conditions that are consider
health risk.
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Health conditions that are health risk

• They include Type 2 Diabetes, Hypertension,
  Coronary Artery Disease, Ischemic Stroke, Colon
  Cancer, Post Menopausal Breast Cancer,
  Endometrial Cancer, Gall-bladder Disease,
  Osteoarthritis, and Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

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• With these previous mentioned health risk there
  is a significant economic impact in the United
  States. Whether it be from missed days at work
  or premature death, there is a financial strain
  secondary to being overweight or obese.

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• What is Ideal
• Body
• Weight?

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• MALES
• All males are allowed 106 pounds for their first
• 5 feet in height.
• Then add an additional 6 pounds for every inch
  after that.

Add 10 of your ideal body weight if your are a
large frame individual!
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Male Example

• A man that is 6 2 inches tall should weigh...
• 5 foot 106
  pounds
• 14 inches x 6 pounds 84 pounds
• Ideal Body Weight is 196 pounds

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• FEMALES
• All females are allowed 100 pounds for their
  first
• 5 feet in height.
• Then add an additional 5 pounds for every inch
  after that.

Add 10 of your ideal body weight if your are a
large frame individual!
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Female Example

• A female that is 5 6 inches tall should weigh..
  
• 5 foot 100 pounds
• 6 inches x 5 pounds 30 pounds
• Ideal Body Weight is 130 pounds

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What are simple ways to reduce
your BMI?
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1. Know your Calories
This should be your goal each day. Calories
consumed Calories burned These should be
equal if you are trying to maintain your weight
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Determine how many calories need to maintain,
lose or gain weight. First convert your ideal
body weight in pounds to weight in
Kilograms. Weight in Pounds divided by 2.2 Wt
in kg Note There are 2.2 kg in every
pound!
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Once you have your calories in kilograms,
multiply kg by an activity factor. Example of
Activity Factors 20 cals Not active
25 cals Mildly active 30 cals
Moderately active (1-3) 35 cals Highly
active (3-5)
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Example
You have a guy that weighs 194 pounds. 194
divided by 2.2 88 kg 88 kg x 30
calories 2,640 This is based on a man who
exercises moderately. He is allowed 2,640
calories a day.
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2. Portion Control

• Know Serves and Eat them!

Grains 1 slice of bread 1 cup of cereal 1/2 cup
of cooked rice, cereal or pasta 1/2 hamburger,
hotdog bun 1/2 doughnut
Vegetables 1/2 cup cooked vegetables 1 cup raw
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2. Portion Control

• Fruits
• 1/2 cup of canned fruit
• 1/2 cup of 100 juice
• 1 piece of fruit (apple, orange, banana, pear),
  17 grapes

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2. Portion Control

• Milk
• 1 cup of milk
• 1 oz of cheese
• 1 cup frozen yogurt
• 1/2 ricotta cheese
• 1 1/2 cups ice cream or ice milk

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2. Portion Control

• Meats Beans
• 3 oz portion is the same size as a deck of cards
• 1 oz portion is one egg
• 1/2 cup cooked dry beans 1 oz of lean meat
• 2 Tbls. of peanut butter or 1/3 cup of nuts
  count as 1 ounce of meat.

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Choose Low Fat Foods

• For every 100 calories
• you are allowed
• 3 total grams
• of fat or less

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4. Watch what you eat whenEating Out
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• 5.
• Burn Stored
• Energy
• (The E word)

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Exercise

• Activity in any form is better than no activity
  at all. Activity burns energy (calories) that
  may promote weight loss. Your daily goal should
  be to burn more calories than you consume
  throughout the day.

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Exercise

• Many people think of physical activity as just
  formal exercise (jogging, aerobics, weight
  training, swimming, etc.). While these can be an
  important source of activity in our lives, people
  often forget lifestyle activity the things we
  do throughout our day. Using a variety of
  opportunities throughout the day to move a little
  more we can burn more calories by the end of the
  day. A good way to track this kind of activity
  is with a pedometer or step counter.

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The following are some ideas to increase our
physical activity in small ways throughout the
day..

• Go to the mall to walk and window shop - not buy.
• Throw away the T.V. remote control.
• Hang laundry outside.
• Play catch with the dog.

• Offer to walk a neighbor's dog.
• Turn on the music and dance around the house.
• Park at the opposite end of the mall from where
  you want to go

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• Vacuum the house more often.
• Cut your grass twice a week and consider a push
  mower.
• Exercise on a date.
• Plant and tend a vegetable garden.

• Iron while watching T.V.
• Volunteer at a preschool or hospital.
• Plan to walk with a partner to increase
  commitment.
• Baby-sit toddlers.

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These are just a few ideas to get you
started its your turn to come up with some
more. By increasing our lifestyle activity as
well as utilizing exercise we can create that
calorie deficit we need to lose weight. The
following chart can help you see how many
calories you burn during different activities
throughout the day.
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Calories Burned During Certain Activities Various
activities burn different amounts of calories.
The total number of calories burned is also
affected by how hard you work during each
activity. The following is a list of activities
that may be part of your day to day living.
Activity Calories Burned per Minute
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Calories Burned During Certain Activities
Activity Calories
Burned per Minute
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Calories Burned During Certain Activities
Activity Calories
Burned per Minute
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Calories Burned During Certain Activities
Activity Calories
Burned per Minute