Endocrine System

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Endocrine System

• Control of Our Bodies Homeostasis

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Engage

• You will be viewing some video clips from
  Sideshow Alive On The Inside. Within these
  clips you will see various types of endocrine
  disorders.
• If you are interested in viewing more endocrine
  system oddities, you can read the book Freak
  Show Presenting Human Oddities for Amusement and
  Profit by Robert Bogdan.

3
Explore

• Explore 1
• Using your text and other resources, you will
  familiarize yourself with the endocrine glands
  and their functions by completing the endocrine
  system worksheet.
• Explore 2
• Role Play The Rise and Fall of Glucose

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Explain
Section 39-2
The Endocrine System
regulates
by meansof the
by meansof the
by meansof the
by meansof the
by meansof the
by meansof the
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Explain

• List 4 types of endocrine glands and give their
  function.
• What is the overall function of the endocrine
  system?
• With what other systems does the endocrine system
  interact?

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Exocrine or Endocrine

• Exocrine release products (enzymes) into ducts
• Ex) Sweat, tears, digestive juices
• Endocrine directly to bloodstream NO DUCTS
• Ex) Hormones

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Endocrine System

• Glands release products to bloodstream
  directly.
• Horomones products deliver messages to body
• Target cells have specific receptors for
  specific hormones

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Endocrine Glands
Section 39-1
Pineal gland The pineal gland releases melatonin,
which is involved in rhythmic activities, such as
daily sleep-wake cycles.
Hypothalamus The hypothalamus makes hormones that
control the pituitary gland. In addition, it
makes hormones that are stored in the pituitary
gland.
Thyroid The thyroid produces thyroxine, which
regulates metabolism.
Pituitary gland The pituitary gland produces
hormones that regulate many of the other
endocrine glands.
Pancreas The pancreas produces insulin and
glucagon, which regulate the level of glucose in
the blood.
Parathyroid glands These four glands release
parathyroid hormone, which regulate the level of
calcium in the blood.
Ovary The ovaries produce estrogen and
progesterone. Estrogen is required for the
development of secondary sex characteristics and
for the development of eggs. Progesterone
prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg.
Thymus During childhood, the thymus releases
thymosin, which stimulates Tcell development.
Testis The testes produce testosterone, which is
responsible for sperm production and the
development of male secondary sex characteristics
Adrenal glands The adrenal glands release
epinephrine and nonepinephrine, which help the
body deal with stress.
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Pituitary Gland

• Master gland
• Controls the other endocrine glands
• Growth Hormone (GH)
• Too much gigantism
• Too little dwarfism
• Antidiuretic (ADH)
• Stimulates kidneys to keep water

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Hypothalamus

• Part of brain and attached to pituitary
• Controls pituitary secretions

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Thyroid
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THYROID GLAND

• Regulates
• Metabolism and energy balance

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Thyroid Hormones

• Thyroxine
• Regulates body energy usage
• Calcitonin
• One hormones that regulates calcium and phosphate
  in blood

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Questions

• What are the two hormones that the thyroid
  secretes?
• What is the function of thyroxine?
• What is the function of calcitonin?

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Parathyroid
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Calcium RegulationPARAthyroid Glands

• PTH-Parathyroid hormones
• Increases calcium, phosphate, and magnesium
  absorption in intestines.
• Causes bones to release calcium and phosphate
• Causes removal of calcium and magnesium from
  urine by kidneys
• Increases the making of Vitamin D in body

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Negative Feedback Mechanism

• Our body uses feedback mechanism to maintain
  homeostasis within our body.
• Regulation of calcium is one example of this
  process.
• Can you think of another one? Hint Role Play
  Activity

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Questions

• PTH cause the small intestine to absorb more
  calcium, _____ and _____.
• What does PTH cause the bones to release?
• What do the kidneys do because of PTH?

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Adrenal Gland

• Releases hormones to deal with stress

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Adrenal Gland Cont.

• Cortex
• Produces more than 2 dozen steroid hormones
• corticosteriods
• Medulla
• fight or flight
• Epinephrine and norepinephrine

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Glucose Regulation

• Two Ways
• Eating Regularly
• Hormone Adjustments

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Pancreas Endocrine and Exocrine

• What did the pancreas do in digestion?
• Secreted Enzymes
• Pancreas also secretes hormones
• Endocrine glands
• - ductless organ that releases hormones DIRECTLY
  into the bloodstream.

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Questions

• What do exocrine glands secrete?
• What do endocrine glands secrete?

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Blood Glucose Level

• Pancreatic Hormones regulate blood sugar level
  before and after meals.
• Islets clusters of cells in pancreas
• Alpha?secrete glucagon increases sugar
• Beta? secrete insulin decreases sugar

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What Happens?

• Between meals
• Blood glucose low?Pancreas secretes
  glucagon?Liver changes glycogen to
  glucose?glucose sent to target tissues
• After a meal
• Blood glucose high?Pancreas secretes
  insulin?Glucose goes to the Liver(Glygogen) and
  goes to Target tissues

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Questions

• What organ regulates glucose in blood?
• When we eat our blood glucose level is high or
  low?
• In between meals our blood glucose level is high
  or low?
• When our blood glucose is high the pancreas
  secretes ___________.
• When our blood glucose is low the pancreas
  secretes ___________.
• What mechanism allows our body to control the
  glucose level in our body?

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Diabetes

• Diabetes
• High sugar levels in blood
• Do not produce enough insulin to control blood
  sugar
• Some take insulin injections to regulate

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Reproductive Glands

• Production of gametes
• Secretion of sex hormones
• Female Ovaries - Estrogen
• Males Testes - Testosterone

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Elaborate

• You will perform various investigations with
  plant hormones to better understand human
  hormones. You will be working with hormones that
  stimulate and inhibit plant growth.