Chapter Twelve

1
Chapter Twelve

• Delivery

2
Methods of Delivery

• Reading from a Manuscript
• Reciting from Memory
• Speaking Impromptu
• Speaking Extemporaneously

3
Reading from a Manuscript

• Manuscript speech- a speech that is written out
  word for word and read to the audience.
• Certain speeches must be delivered word for word,
  according to a meticulously prepared manuscript.
• Ex. Popes religious proclamation, or a
  Presidents message to Congress.
• Misstated phrase could cause and international
  incident.

4
Reading from a Manuscript

• Timing may also be a factor in manuscript
  speeches.
• If a political candidate purchases one minute of
  media time, it needs to be stated and timed
  perfectly.
• Although it looks easy, delivering a speech from
  a manuscript requires great skill. If not
  practiced perfectly it will come across a reading
  to their listeners, rather than talking with them.

5
Reciting from Memory

• It is no longer customary to memorize any but the
  shortest of speeches- toasts, congratulatory
  remarks, acceptance speeches, introductions, and
  the like.
• Objective be sure to memorize your speech
  thoroughly that you will be able to concentrate
  on communicating with the audience, not on trying
  to remember the words.

6
Speaking Impromptu

• Impromptu speech- a speech delivered with little
  or no immediate preparation.
• If you keep your cool, organize your thoughts,
  and limit yourself to a few remarks, your should
  do fine.

7
Speaking Extemporaneously

• Extemporaneous speech- a carefully prepared and
  rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief
  set of notes.
• Extemporaneous speech is carefully prepared and
  practiced in advance.
• Conversational quality means that no matter how
  many times a speech has been rehearsed, it still
  sounds spontaneous to the audience.

8
The Speakers Voice

• Volume
• Pitch
• Rate
• Pauses
• Vocal Variety
• Pronunciation
• Articulation

9
Volume

• Volume- the loudness or softness of the speakers
  voice.
• Be sure to adjust your voice to the accoutstics
  of the room, the size of the audience, and the
  level of background noise.
• If you speak too loudly, your listeners will
  think you are boorish.
• If you speak too softly, they will not understand
  you. Remember that your own voice always sounds
  louder to you than to a listener.

10
Pitch

• Pitch- the highness of lowness of the speakers
  voice.
• Pitch is what makes the difference between the
  Aha! triumphantly exclaimed by Sherlock Holmes
  upon discovering a seemingly decisive clue and
  the Aha he mutter when he learns the clue is
  not decisive after all.
• Changes in pitch are known as inflections.
• It is the inflection of your voice that reveals
  whether you are asking a question or making a
  statement whether you are being sincere or
  sarcastic.
• Repetitious patterns may be very hypnotic?

11
Rate

• Rate- the speed of which a person speaks.
• A fast rate helps to create feelings of
  happiness, fear, anger, and surprise, while a
  slow rate is better for expressing sadness or
  disgust.
• Understanding of the content of information?
• Research suggests that in most situations
  listeners will find a speaker with a somewhat
  faster rate than normal to be more competent and
  more persuasive than a speaker with a slower rate.

12
Pauses

• As you gain more poise and confidence, however,
  you will discover how useful the pause can be. It
  can signal the end of a thought unit, give an
  idea time to sink in, and lend dramatic impact to
  a statement.
• The right word may be effective, said Mark
  Twain, but no word was ever as effective as
  rightly timed pause.
• Do not fill the silence with uh, er, or um.
  These vocalized pauses, as they are called, are
  always annoying and they can be devastating.

13
Pronunciation/Articulation

• Pronunciation- the accepted standard of sound and
  rhythm for words in a given language.
• See table on p. 300
• Articulation- the physical production of
  particular speech sounds.
• We habitually chop, slur, and mumble our words,
  rather than enunciating them plainly.
• See table on p. 301

14
Nonverbal Communication

• Nonverbal communication- communication that
  occurs as a result of appearance, posture,
  gesture, eye contact, facial expressions, and
  other nonlinguistic factors.
• Personal Appearance
• Bodily Action
• Gestures
• Eye Contact

15
Personal Appearance

• A number of studies have confirmed that personal
  appearance plays an important role in
  speechmaking.
• Listeners always see you before they hear you.
• Appropriateness (Time and Place)

16
Gestures

• Gestures- motions of a speakers hands or arms
  during a speech.
• The primary rule is this Whatever gestures you
  make should not draw attention to themselves and
  distract from your messages. They should appear
  natural and spontaneous, help to clarify or
  reinforce your ideas, and be suited to the
  audience and occasion.
• Avoid flailing them about, wringing them
  together, cracking your knuckles, or toying with
  your rings.
• Think about communicating with your listeners,
  and your gestures will probably take care of
  themselves- just as they do in conversation.

17
Eye Contact

• Eye contact- direct visual contact with the eyes
  of another person.
• In most circumstances, one of the quickest ways
  to establish a communicative bond with your
  listeners is to look at them personally and
  pleasantly.
• How you look at your audience counts. A blank
  stare or a fierce hostile glare is almost as bad
  as no eye contact at all.
• Beware of the tenancy to gaze intently at one
  part of the audience while ignoring the rest.