MapInfo an introduction

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Joint Centre for Scottish Housing Research
Homelessness A European Perspective
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Overview of Presentation

• Understanding Homelessness
• Country Perspectives and State Responses
• European Social Model

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Nature of Homelessness

• SCALE
• 3 million sleeping rough
• 15 million inadequately housed
• PERSISTENCE
• Growing problem
• Endemic not transitory experience
• PROFILE
• Changing composition
• Young, Old, Women, Immigrants / Ethnic

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Understanding Homelessness

• Homelessness
• Socio-demographic change composition
• Economic restructuring housing
  vulnerability
• Housing restructuring deregulation
• Welfare retrenchment support

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Weakly Regulated Housing Markets (1)

• Promotion of home ownership
• De-regulation of rented sector
• rent control
• risk reduction in social housing
• Rising costs and affordability of housing

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Weakly Regulated Housing Markets (2)

• Subsidy shift
• supply to consumption subsidies
• regressive impacts
• Reduction in state provision
• State withdrawal
• expenditure reduction
• decentralisation
• privatisation of social housing companies

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Changing Welfare State in Europe
2005
1945

• WELFARE PROCTECTION WELFARE ASSISTANCE
• universal provision means tests,
  targeted

• WELFARE AS CONTROL
  PARTICIPATORY WELFARE
• normalisation
  user involvement etc

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Understanding Homelessness
POLICY CONTEXT
HISTORIC CONTEXT
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Factors leading to Homelessness
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more
Central Europe
Southern Europe
Atlantic
H O U S I N G P R O B L E M S
Continental
more
less
Cyprus Malta ??
Nordic Netherlands
less
SUPPORT PROBLEMS
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Country Perspectives

• Nordic
• Homelessness is Social Problem not housing
• Continental
• Germany - relaxed housing market
• France - SRU legislation / housing rights
• Mediterranean
• State Role and Family Role changing
• EU-10
• Structural and Housing issues
• Atlantic
• Housing Support

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Policy Context and Gray Areas

• Welfare Policy Gaps
• Homeless hostels services of last resort ?
• Policy pathways?
• Co-ordination / Inter-agency Working
• Health, Social Work, Justice system, Housing?
• Institutional pre-release procedures?
• Service Delivery Failures
• Support provision / funding?
• Inappropriate accommodation (communal)?
• Staffing culture and training?

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Housing Integration
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Accommodation and Support
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ETHOS Definition

• Rough Sleeping
• Night shelter

• Roofless

• Houseless

• Hostel / temporary accommodation
• Womens shelter
• Asylum / immigrants shelters
• Institutional release
• Supported housing

• Insecure Housing

• No tenancy
• Eviction orders
• Violence / threat

• Inadequately Housed

• Temporary / illegal structures
• Overcrowding
• Unfit for habitation

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European Social Model

• Economic Model
• Poverty
• Labour market integration
• Infrastructure (including housing)
• Social Model
• Access to housing and support
• Vulnerable groups
• Mobilising all actors

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NAPs/Inclusion

• Improved Measurement / Indicators
• Establish Targets
• Range of Policies reflecting nature of housing
  exclusion
• Integration Policies supported by local
  assessments of need
• Disseminate Good Practice
• Respond to changing needs

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INTERPLAY OF TRHEE SPHERES
MARKET
Polarisation, winners and losers
Responsibillity mismatch
Dependency and stigmatisation
STATE
HOUSEHOLDS/COMMUNITY