STRATEGIC ACTION PROGRAM

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STRATEGIC ACTION PROGRAM

• For the Binational Basin of the Bermejo River

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General Characteristics

• Location
• Bolivia Departament of Tarija
• Argentina Provinces of Salta, Jujuy, Chaco and
  Formosa
• Watershed area 123,162 Km2
• River length 1,300 Km
• Population 1.2 million inhabitants
• Sediment charge 8kg/m3
• Total Discharge 100 million tons/year (80 of
  the sediment load of the Plata River)

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Eco-regiones Cuenca del Río Bermejo
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Institutional Framework
Binational Commission
Project Steering Committee
UNEP
GS/OAS

• BC Rep. Argentina
• BC Rep. Bolivia

• Nat. Director Argentina
• Nat. Director Bolivia

Executing Unit
Stakeholders NGOs Academic comm.
Nat. Directors Tech.Coordinators OAS, UNEP Spec.
Local Intl. Consultants Support Personnel
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Objectives

• To promote the sustainable development of the
  binacional basin of the Bermejo river
• Incorporating the environmental concerns into the
  national policies, plans and programs.
• Establishing a basin vision and integrated
  management of the natural resources,
• Impelling the establishment of regional
  coordination mechanisms and public participation
  and consultation

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FORMULATION PHASE (august/1997 to october/2000)

• The first phase of the Bermejo SAP, called
  FORMULATION, was outlined to identify priority
  transboundary environmental problems and
  formulate a Strategic Action Program, with a
  focus based on the concept of basin binacional.
• In function to it, a work plan was designed
  centered in five main areas
• 1. Elaboration of specific Basic Studies (22)
• 2. Formulation of punctual projects (6)
• 3. implementation of Projects Demonstrative Pilot
  (8)
• 4. Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis
• 5. Formulation of the Strategic Action Program

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Finals Documents of the Formulation Phase

• The technical teams of Bolivia and Argentina
  formulated three documents that are basic for the
  next stage of implementation of Bermejo SAP
• Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA)
• Strategic Action Program, long term
• Project Document (Project Brief), short term

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Transboundery Diagnostic Analysis

• The Transboundary Diagnosis presents an
  identification and characterization of the main
  Transboundary Environmental Problems of the basin
  
• Each Environmental Problem has been characterized
  and evaluated, taking into account the following
  aspects
• Symptoms and Effects
• Transboudary Manifestations
• Causes Direct and Basic

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Figure 1. CAUSAL CHAIN RELATIONSHIP FOR PRIORITY
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
Direct Causes (human origin)
Environmental Problems
Direct Causes (natural origin)
Common Basic Causes

• Destruction of vegetative cover by deforestation
  and overgrazing
• Clearing of land for agricultural activities

Soil Degradation
Adverse natural conditions (soil, topography,
geology, climate)
Water Resource Degradation

• Contamination by industrial and urban wastes
• Water misuse and contamination by agricultural
  and livestock activities

• Deficient political, legal, and institutional
  framework
• Poor inter-jurisdictional planning and
  coordination
• Inadequate community awareness, knowledge, and
  participation in sustainable resource management
• Deficient financial and support mechanisms
• Inadequate access to and application of
  sustainable technologies

• Rainfall seasonality
• Reduced water availability in the dry season
• High sediment load and fluviomorfologic dynamics
• High groundwater salinity contents

Water Scarcity and Availability Restrictions

• Inadequate water infrastructure
• Depletion of groundwater supplies

• Over-exploitation of forest resources
• Uncontrolled fishing and hunting activities
• Clearing of land for agriculture
• Inadequate agricultural practices
• Overgrazing
• Pollution of water sources

Loss of Biodiversity and Biotic Resources
Floods and Other Natural Hazard Events

• Urban expansion in flood-susceptible areas
• Agricultural activities in areas prone to
  flooding events
• Destruction of vegetative cover

• Extreme river highflows
• Extreme climatic events

Diminished Quality of Life and Endangered
Cultural Resources

• Unemployment and seasonal sub-employment
• Deficient health, sanitation and education
  services.

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Strategic Action Program - Long Term

• This document is the main product of the SAP
  first phase it describes the group of
  high-priority actions that both countries have
  coincided in identifying as necessary to address
  the main environmental problems and their
  transboundary manifestations.
• It also establishes the institutional framework
  and it determines the financing necessities for
  the selected projects.
• Through diverse mechanisms, the proposals,
  demands and perceptions of the different regions
  were collect, those were integrated at each
  country level and then at the basin level.

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Table 1. Strategic Action Program for the
Binational Basin Of The Bermejo River (Long-Term)
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IDENTIFICATION OF CAUSE-CHAIN RELATIONSHIPS
EFFECTS/ SYMPTOMS
TRANSBOUNDARY MANIFESTATIONS
STRATEGIC ACT IONS
PROJECTS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
DIRECT CAUSES
COMMON BASIC CAUSES
SPECIFIC BASIC CAUSES
SAP
TDA
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Project Document (project brief), short term

• The Project Brief is the beginning of the SAP
  implementation phase, it is conformed by studies,
  demonstrative projects and institutional actions,
  of short term, that on the whole represent the
  catalytic instrument for the implementation of
  the long term Strategic Action Program.
• The financing requested was approved by the GEF
  Council at the beginning of November/2000.
• Financing
• FMAM US 11.04 millions
• Governments US 8.43 millions
• This Implementation Phase began on June, it will
  have a 4.5 year duration.
• The components of the project have been selected
  to develop incremental activities and they have
  support character to the efforts of the regional,
  national and binationals institutions and in the
  implementation of the long term SAP

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Table 2. Proposed Short-Term Action Program (4
Years)
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SAP LOGIC STRUCTURE
LONG-TERM (20 years) 136 PROJECTS US 470 MILLION
LONG-TERM SAP
TRANSBOUNDARYDIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS
SAP
catalyzes
SHORT-TERM SAP
SHORT TERM (4,5 years) 35 PROJECTS US 11.05
MILLION (w/GEF financing)

• ENDORSED/ W/STAKEHOLDER SUPPORT
• ORIENTED TO RESOLVE PRIORITY
• PROBLEMS
• CATALYZES IMPLEMENTATION OF LONG-
• TERM SAP

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SHORT-TERM SAP STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK
Institutional Strenghthening of the Binational
Commission
Development of Basin Institution
Planning System
Information System
Int. Mgmt. Program of Water Resources
Legal framework and implementation of economic
instruments
IMPLEMENTATION OF LONG-TERM SAP us. 470
million 136 projects
Environmental Education and Awareness
Donor Roundtable Meeting
Public Participation

• Pilot Projects
• Soil management and Erosion Control
• Sustainable Development of Natural Resources
• Consolidation of Protected Areas
• Protection and rehabilitation of water quality.
• Carbon Fixation.

• Basic Studies
• - Land-use planning.
• Studies on Nat.Res.,
• Biodiverity and Water Resources.
• Consolidation of Protected Areas.

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Public Participation

• Besides being a specific activity of the program,
  the Public Participation is a work philosophy and
  an important component that gives support to the
  Bermejo SAP.
• Diversity of social actors government's
  institutions (national, subnationals and
  municipal), academic,NGOs, producers
  organizations and the projects beneficiaries.
• In the elaboration of the Transboundary
  Diagnostic Analysis participated more than 30
  institutions and 260 specialists of different
  disciplines
• More than a thousand people have contributed with
  their time and ideas during the different phases
  of the program
• Participation Mechanisms seminars and workshops,
  intergovernmental working group, work meetings,
  modern mechanism of communication (electronic
  mail, WEB page), interviews, surveys and
  community works

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Lessons Learned

• TDA/SAP process proved vital in the
  determination of priorities, identification of
  needed actions, and establishment of basin-wide,
  cross-sectoral support.
• Active stakeholder participation and information
  sharing are critical elements for sustainable
  natural resource management (pilot demonstration
  projects as essential component)
• Multi-institutional approach during project
  formulation key for promoting policy reform and
  coordinated management frameworks
• Early participation and commitment from financial
  institutions, goverments and private sector is
  needed to mobilize and secure adequate financing
  for implementation of investments

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Lessons Learned

• Because it is a pilot program on international
  waters, its experiences in the Formulation Phase,
  the focuses, methodologies and processes of the
  Bermejo SAP will help to the new transboundery
  projects on continental waters
• The combined work carried out among technical
  teams, in 2.000 km. of distance, with divergent
  points of view and priorities, and the
  coordination with Washington DC and Nairobi
• The wide public participation
• Incorporation of the Bermejo SAP projects in the
  plans and programs of the regional institutions

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Proyecto Demostrativo Cuenca del
TolomosaQuebrada La Tablada 2 Diques de Gaviones
construidos en 1998
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QUEBRADA LA TABLADA DIQUE DE TIERRA CON
PROTECCIÓN DE GRAVA CONSTRUIDO EN 1998.
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QUEBRADA LA TABLADA - EMBALSE CUYAS AGUAS SON
UTILIZADAS PARCIALMENTE EN MICRORIEGO
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Explicación del contenido del componente, a los
integrantes de la comunidad. Plan Manejo Integral
de la Cuenca del Río Santa Ana
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IV Seminario Taller para la formulación del PEA
(13/05/99).