Verbal Conjugation

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Verbal Conjugation

• Regular I, Regular II, and Irregular verbs

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You need to be able to do 2 things

• You need to be able to identify each verbs type
  of conjugation, such as regular I, regular II, or
  irregular verb.
• You need to know each types conjugation rule,
  such as how to make ?? form, -? form, ?? form,
  Potential form, and so on.

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Step 1 Identifying type of conjugation

• There are three types of conjugation
• Regular I (sometimes called 5 vowel or Type I)
• Regular II (also called as single vowel or Type
  II)
• Irregular verbs, such as ??, ??, and ??

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Because it is easier to explain Regular II and
Irregular conjugation, we are going to take a
look at them first.
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Regular II (from ??form)

• To identify Regular II verbs you need to do
• From ??form, check the vowel right before ??. If
  there is either ? sound or ? sound, it is Regular
  II. (You can also write the verb in Roma-ji to
  see if they have e or i right before masu.)
  Examples???? (tabe masu) to eat??? (mi
  masu) to see

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Regular II (from Dictionary form)

• From Dictionary form, you also check the vowel
  before ?. If there is either ? sound or ? sound,
  it is Regular II. (You can also write the verb in
  Roma-ji to see if they have e or I right
  before ru.)Examples??? (ake ru) to
  open?? (mi ru) to see
• AttentionEven though ??? (to return) seems
  Regular II, this is Regular I, because ? is what
  we conjugate (?????, ?????, etc.), instead of ?,
  like other Regular II verbs.

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Regular II (Tips for identifying)

• ? sound Regular II is relatively easy to identify
  because if there is ? sound in front of ?? or ?,
  it MUST be Regular II!
• However, ? sound Regular II is hard to identify
  by looking at ??form. Therefore, I recommend to
  identify types of conjugation by looking at
  Dictionary forms.AttentionSome of Regular I
  verbs end with ?, such as ???, and those need to
  be memorized since it is impossible to identify
  types of conjugation by looking neither ?? form
  or Dictionary form.

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Regular II (Diagram)

• Conjugation for Regular II verbs is very simple.
  You simply need to take off ?? from -??form or
  ? from Dictionary form. (Bold and underlined
  part doesnt change!)
• Similarly, you simply need to put ??? in the
  end for Potential form (can do) after taking off
  ?? from -??form or ? from Dictionary form.
  (In the chart, there are potential form for
  ??-form and for Dictionary form)

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Irregular Verbs

• There are only 3 irregular verbs.
• You can remember those 3 as ASK
• A-??
• S-??
• K-??

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Irregular verbs (Diagram)
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Regular I

• If a verb is neither Regular II or Irregular, it
  is Regular I.
• Most verbs are categorized as Regular I.
• Besides ?/? forms, verbal conjugation isnt so
  complicated.

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Regular I (Basic Rules)

• In Regular I conjugation, what we have to pay
  attention to is what letter, not sound, in ????
  column the verb ends in Dictionary form or right
  before ?? form.Examples?? (to write) is ?
  column because ? is from ??????? (to read) is
  ? column because ? is from ????????? (to
  listen) is ? column because ? is from ?????

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Regular I (Basic Rules Cont)

• Once you identify what column a Regular I verb
  ends in
• First letter in the column, which includes vowel
  ?, connect with ?? -gt ?? form.
• Second letter in the column, which includes vowel
  ?, connect with ??-gt ?? form.
• Third letter in the column, which includes vowel
  ?, makes Dictionary form.
• Forth letter in the column, which includes vowel
  ?,connect with ?/?? -gt Potential form.
  (Potential means can do a certain action.)

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Regular I (Diagram)

• Important NoteFor verbs ending with ?, such as
  ??, ?? form is --???. (Take away the letter in
  the column and put ???!)
• Memorizing Tip
• In Japanese, there is no expression, Uhh.
• If you translate this sentence to Japanese, it
  will be
• ??????Uhh????? -gt ???(???)

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Regular I (-?/-? form)

• Before explaining about ?/-? forms
• Many teachers and books focus on the letters in
  front of Dictionary form or ?? form. However,
  here, I recommend teachers and students to focus
  on the column, instead of the letter. This is
  because

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The reasons

• Memorizing a single letter is confusing if
  students have to conjugate from other forms.
  For instance,If memorized a Regular I verb
  ends with ? needs to be changed to ? to make ?-?
  form, such as ??? (Dictionary form) to ????
  (?/-? form) But think about if this is from ??
  form, Students, first, have to think
  dictionary form of ?????, then can make ?/-?
  form. What if students dont remember dictionary
  form?

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Regular I (-?/-? form)

• Therefore, I recommend students memorize what
  column each verb ends. If it is dictionary form,
  the last letter, and if it is ?? form, right
  before ??.
• ????(how do you like?) Verbs ends with ? and
  ? columns change to ??
• ????(laughed) Verbs ends with ?, ?, and ?
  columns change to ?? Caution(?column includes
  ?????)
• ????Verbs ends with ?, ?, and ? columns change
  to ??AttentionConjugation for ?? (to go)
  does not meet this rule. -?/-? form of ?? is
  ???/???

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Regular I (-?/-? forms)

• Examples?? is ? column and from the rule ???
  ?/-? form is ??? ?? is ? column and from the
  rule ???? ?/-? form is ???????? is ? column
  and from the rule ???? ?/-? form is ????????
  is ? column and from the rule ???? ?/-? form
  is ??? (There is no ? column in this rule!)

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Regular I Conjugation Chart