Bellwork 82207

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Bellwork 8/22/07

• Name the three types of syllogisms
• Give an example of each

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Homework

• Final Draft of Artifact 1
• 6 syllogisms

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Ever playedHorse?

• Now its your turn to play Horse
• Philosophy Style

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Horse Philosophy Style

• Two teams
• Coin flip will decide first team
• One speaker at a time
• If correct, you decide the speaker for the
  other team
• If incorrect, you get a letter, other team goes
• First team to spell Nietzsche looses

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Whos Nietzsche?
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Friedrich Nietzsche

• 19th century philosopher
• Existential
• Went insane towards the end of his life
• Died of pneumonia

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Lets begin

• First there will be a category or example given
• Questions and categories will become more
  difficult as we go along
• Once again, if your team is the first to spell
  Nietzsche, you will be uber-pwnd

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Tough or Tender
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Rationalistic

• Tender

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Irreligious

• Tough

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Skeptical

• Tough

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Monistic

• Tender

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Its so Logical
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Logic, like philosophy, is ________ ________.

• Rational Critical

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Instead of depending on emotion, superstition,
etc. logic focuses upon _______.

• Reason

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Without logic, ___________________.

• We wouldnt have philosophy.

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Who was the ancient Greek philosopher was the
first to systemize logic?

• Aristotle

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Give an example of how logic is used today

• Math, Science, Computers, Google

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Next category, 3 Laws of Thought
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Ill give you an example, you give me the Law
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Nietzsche was a philosopher

• Law of Identity

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Nietzsche either died insane or he did not die
insane.

• Law of Excluded Middle

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Nietzsche was both a brilliant and insane.

• Law of Non-Contradiction

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Nietzsche was either insane or brilliant.

• Law of Excluded Middle
• insane or not-insane

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Lying is both right and wrong.

• Law of Non-Contradiction

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Either you want to date me or you think I smell
like cabbage.

• Law of Excluded Middle

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Basic Arguments
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An argument is not ___________.

• Yelling, Fighting
• Emotional. Slanderous
• Name Calling, Rude
• Disrespectful, or Irrational

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The minimum number of premises required in an
argument.

• 2

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What connects the premises to the conclusion?

• Inference

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Words/phrases such as accordingly, thus, and as a
result signal what?

• A conclusion

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Words/phrases such as since, because, and for
signal what?

• A premise

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Whats what?
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That girl said shed go out with me Friday night
if I got tickets to the concert. Accordingly,
Ive got a date Friday night because I scored the
tickets!
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That girl said shed go out with me Friday night
if I got tickets to the concert. Accordingly,
Ive got a date Friday night because I scored the
tickets!
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We may infer that it is raining out because the
streets are wet and a street cleaner did not come
through today.
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We may infer that it is raining out because the
streets are wet and a street cleaner did not come
through today.
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You will be given a list of signals on the quiz
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Deductive vs. Inductive
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__________ goes from general to particular

• Deductive

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Conclusion is only probable, not necessary

• Inductive

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Arguments are valid or invalid

• Deductive

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__________ goes from observations to
generalizations.

• Inductive

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Arguments are judged on degree of probability

• Inductive

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Conclusion follows logically from the premises

• Deductive

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All Vail High School students are smart Shawn is
a Vail High School student. Therefore, Shawn
smart.

• Deductive

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Most people who own Jaguars are richJoey owns a
JaguarJoey is probably rich.

• Inductive

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Valid or Invalid.True or False

• You must correctly identify both

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All mammals have lungsThis bear is a mammalThis
bear has lungs

• Valid, True

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All mammals have lungsThis bear is a mammalThis
bear breathes air

• Invalid, True

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All men are immortalSocrates is a manSocrates
is immortal

• Valid, False

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No students have jobsThis boy is a studentThis
boy has money

• Invalid, False

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Syllogisms
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Some students have jobsThis boy is a
studentThis boy may have a job.

• Categorical

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If you go to the zoo, they will keep you in a
cage.You went to the zoo.Therefore you are now
in a cage.

• Hypothetical

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Either you are a cat person or a dog person.You
are not a dog person. Therefore you are a cat
person.

• Disjunctive

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No fish have gills.My pet is a fish.Therefore,
my pet does not have gills.

• Categorical

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Random Trivia
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Who said that Every argument finally rests upon
something that cannot be proven

• Aristotle

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How did Descartes die?

• From a cold.

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Name the 3 approaches to philosophy.

• Speculative, Analytic, Existential

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What philosopher/psychologist coined the terms
Tough and Tender Minded?

• William James

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Put these in order from earliest to most
recentAristotle, Socrates, Plato

• Socrates
• Plato
• Aristotle

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What was the name of the ancient Greek
philosophers who collected money for teaching
people?

• Sophists

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Quiz Tomorrow

• 30 pts.
• Identify
• Fill in the blank
• Give an argument
• NO NOTES

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Nietzsche says,Good Luck!