Nazareth Area School District Goals and Objectives 20052006

1
Nazareth Area School DistrictGoals and
Objectives 2005-2006

• Education in an Era of Accountability
• Victor D. Lesky, Ed.D.
• Superintendent of Schools

2
NASD Strategic Planning Goals

• Goal 1 To embed critical thinking,
  communication and problem solving throughout the
  standards-based written, taught, and tested
  curriculum.
• Goal 2 To utilize research-based instructional
  and assessment practices to ensure proficient
  levels of performance on standards for all
  students.
• Goal 3 - To develop and enhance student
  character
• Goal 4 - To utilize technology as an
  administrative and instructional tool.

3
NASD Strategic Planning Goals

• Goal 5 - To involve and partner with parents,
  the community, and business on district
  initiatives, programs and planning.
• Goal 6 To employ a variety of communication
  tools and procedures to increase and expand
  communication within the district and broad
  educational community.
• Goal 7 To provide a quality educational program
  while maintaining fiscal responsibility

4
Superintendents Goals2005-2006

• Identify student progress by standard through the
  use of common assessments linked to grade level
  standards and benchmarks. (sp. 2.0)
• Analyze the data collected through common
  assessments.
• Target instruction based on the information the
  data relays.
• Report student progress to teachers, parents, and
  students through a standards-based progress
  report.

5

• Implement an Act 93 evaluation system that
  integrates the ISSLC administrative standards
  with performance in the Nazareth Area School
  District. (sp 1.0)
• Align current job descriptions with the six (6)
  ISSLIC Standards.
• Define yearly goals with the ISSLC Standards
• Construct position rubrics that identify basic,
  proficient, and distinguished performance levels.
• Integrate the performance based evaluation system
  with the current PSBA salary matrix.

6

• Develop an Plan for the Nazareth Area School
  District to manage student population growth
  through 2010. (sp. 5.0 7.0)
• Guide the PDE Plan Con process and the
  self-certification requirements necessary for
  construction process.
• Complete the educational specifications needed
  for the design of High School expansion and
  renovation, a 7th and 8th grade facility, a 4-5-6
  grade intermediate center, and a K-3 primary
  school.
• Relocate and guide the planning process for the
  construction of a new maintenance facility, a
  high school expansion project, a 7th and 8th
  grade middle school, a 4-5-6 grade intermediate
  school within a school, and K-3 primary center.

7

• Establish a process that will allow the NASD the
  efficient use of personnel in order that the
  students, parents, and Nazareth residents receive
  the the best possible services for the taxpayers
  dollars spent. (sp. 5.0 - 7.0)
• Restructure the NASD Building, Grounds, and
  Vehicles Department.
• Plan for a meet and discuss to agree to working
  conditions between the NASD and the NASD Act 93
  Management Group.
• Plan for the negotiation of an agreement between
  the NASD and the NAEA Teachers Association.
• Plan for the negotiation of an agreement between
  the NASD and the NAESP Support Personnel Union.

8
Curriculum Instruction 2005-2006

• Update and further develop District and School
  Improvement Plans and Programs. (2.0)
• Develop and document differentiated,
  data-determined instructional practices on
  district curriculum documents (1.1, 1.2, 2.1).
• Expand the NASD Assessment System to determine
  students achievement of the standards. (2.4)
• Coordinate the preparation and piloting of
  Standard-based Pupil Progress Reports (2.0)

9
Update and further develop District and School
Improvement Plans and Programs. (2.0)

• Coordinate the updating of Improvement Plans.
• Develop accountability procedures for academic
  intervention programs.
• Examine the effectiveness of existing academic
  interventions.
• Formalize consistent procedures for the
  collection and use of student performance data.

10
Develop and document differentiated,
data-determined instructional practices on
district curriculum documents (1.1, 1.2, 2.1).

• Document strategies and activities on curriculum
  documents
• Provide guidance on using data to design
  instruction.
• Facilitate readiness and professional development
  to implement Differentiated Instruction.

11
Expand the NASD Assessment System Used to
Determine Students Achievement. (2.4)

• Continue the phase-in of the Developmental
  Reading Assessment (DRA) for Grade 2.
• Facilitate development and administration of K-12
  common assessments.
• Enter data into the NASD student performance
  database (Performance Tracker). (4.4)
• Work with admin and staff in accessing and using
  performance data to impact instruction.

12
Coordinate the preparation and piloting of
Standard-based Pupil Progress Reports (2.0)

• Prepare focused activities relating to SB
  reporting.
• Implement the use of electronic grade books
• Coordinate the development and use of SB report
  cards.
• Coordinate related Continuing Professional
  Education.

13
Supervisor of Curriculum Instruction 2005-2006

• Facilitate Yearly Curriculum Review and Revision
• Plan and Implement Professional Development to
  support District Curriculum and Instructional
  Initiatives
• Update and further Develop District and School
  Improvement Plans and Programs
• Work with Administration and Teachers on the
  Development and Implementation of Standards-Based
  Teaching, Assessing and Reporting

14
Facilitate Yearly Curriculum Review and Revision

• Plan and implement a schedule for curriculum
  review and revision with a focus on instructional
  content and delivery for each grade level and
  each discipline
• Facilitate curriculum review and revision meetings

15
Plan and Implement Professional Development to
support District Curriculum and Instructional
Initiatives

• Provide information and professional development
  to District administrators
• Plan and arrange for professional development for
  District teachers
• Provide support to principals for supervision and
  evaluation
• Train principals in the Lenses on Learning program

16
Update and further Develop District and School
Improvement Plans and Programs

• Work with building administrators on the
  collection, organization, and analysis of data
  relative to the effectiveness of school
  improvement plans review and revise through and
  outcomes based process.
• Work with building administrators and the
  technology department on the collection,
  organization, and analysis of student data
  collected through academic intervention programs
  for the purpose of examining the effectiveness of
  such programs.

17
Work with Administration and Teachers on the
Development and Implementation of Standards-Based
Teaching, Assessing and Reporting

• Work with teachers to create and employ
  understandings and strategies to differentiate
  instruction according to student need.
• Work with teachers and administrators on the
  reporting component of non-academic factors in
  standards-based assessing.
• Work with teachers and administrators on the
  design and use of standards-based reporting tools.

18
Special Education2005-2006

• Increase the inclusionary practices at the high
  school to meet state guidelines of Least
  Restrictive Environment
• Evaluate the effectiveness of the Emotional
  Support Program and make recommendations for
  improvement
• Improve the use of technology for effective
  Special Education data management, recording, and
  reporting
• Document the Special Education Program
  components, guidelines and effectiveness

19
Increase the inclusion practices at the High
School to meet state guidelines of Least
Restrictive Environment

• Push in classes in Math and English utilizing a
  Special Education teacher and content teacher of
  record to provide direct instruction
• Differentiated Instruction strategies to be
  taught to staff working with identified students
• Social Studies and Science courses with included
  IEP students will be supported by Associate
  Teachers and Case Managers
• An all year Math and English class for identified
  students taught using the team model

20
Evaluate the effectiveness of the Emotional
Support Program and make recommendations for
improvement

• Evaluate cost and effectiveness of existing ES
  program and services
• Consider changes/alternatives for improved
  services
• Analyze cost and impact of changes/alternatives
• Make a recommendation to the Superintendent and
  the Board
• Prepare a timeline for implementation if/when a
  change is authorized

21
Improve the use of technology for effective
Special Education data management, recording, and
reporting

• Increase the use of eGoals School Information
  System
• Update existing fields to comply with IDEA 2004
• Track district ER/IEP reports using the system
• Provide staff development on revisions and new
  requirements
• Initiate Special Education Department process for
  internal Child Accounting

22
Document the Special Education Program
components, guidelines and effectiveness

• Update components of Special Education programs
• Review program effectiveness
• Analyze program outcomes

23
Pupil Services2005-2006

• To implement an effective Gifted Education
  Program K-12
• To improve communication by writing and
  implementing procedures for the flow of
  information between each of the departments,
  school administrators, and the Pupil Services
  office
• To examine, document and improve the services of
  each of the departments that fall under the PPS
  umbrella
• To have the departments highlight their services
  and the responsibility of staff members in those
  services at building faculty meetings throughout
  the year.

24
To implement an effective Gifted Education
Program K-12

• Construct a Task Force comprised of school board
  members, district administrators, teachers, and
  parents.
• Obtain consultation from an individual with
  expertise in Gifted Education.
• Evaluate service delivery plans.
• Write a plan for service delivery for K through
  12th grades.

25
To improve communication by writing and
implementing procedures for the flow of
information between each of the departments,
school administrators, and the Pupil Services
office to include

• Monthly meeting minutes distributed to building
  principals.
• Notification of 911 calls.
• Notification of calls to the County for possible
  child abuse or suicide ideation.
• Notification of parent complaints/compliments
  regarding appropriate provision of services.

26
To examine, document, and improve the services of
School Psychologists, School Counselors, School
Nurses, Gifted Education, English Speakers of
Other Languages, Instructional Support Teams, and
Student Assistance Programs through data
collection and analysis.

• To document the services provided by each
  department through use of consistently defined
  and collected data.
• To move each department along at least one step
  in the development of department manuals to
  include, vision, description, components,
  standards, procedures, and forms.

27
To have the departments highlight their services
and the responsibility of staff members in those
services at building faculty meetings throughout
the year.

• School counselors to review the responsibilities
  of a mandated reporter.
• School psychologists to review the value of
  detailed teacher input into the evaluation
  process.
• School nurses to review the new BMI mandate and
  the field trip requirements.
• Gifted teachers to review the need for
  differentiated instruction and teacher input into
  the GIEPs.
• The ESOL teacher to review the needs of English
  Speakers of Other Languages in the regular
  education classes.

28
Instructional Technology2005-2006

• Implement a grading tool that will enable
  teachers to track students formative progress on
  academic standards.
• Provide a series of professional development
  workshops that align the districts current
  technologies with differentiated instruction
  methodologies.
• Create PA standards alignment documents for
  language arts and mathematics that link the
  academic standards to the districts current
  technologies in an accessible format.
• Integrate Performance Tracker and Compass
  Learning Odyssey so that teachers can use
  assessment data to provide differentiated
  instructional paths.

29
Instructional Technology

• Incorporate local assessment data such as Math
  Minis and other common district benchmark
  assessments into Performance Tracker using
  Assessment Builder.
• Improve communication to staff on technologies
  available to them via a quarterly newsletter.
• Improve communication to staff, students,
  parents, and community members by creating an
  interactive web site with more dynamic content
  and intranet capabilities.
• Work with the SASI Users Group to improve the
  accuracy and consistency of SASI data.

30
1. Implement a grading tool that will enable
teachers to track students formative progress on
academic standards.

• Implementation meeting will be held in July.
• Data rollover will be completed in August
• High school staff will be trained during August
  in-service.
• Elementary staff will be trained during their
  common planning time.
• Middle school staff will be trained during team
  planning time.

31
2. Provide a series of professional development
workshops that align the districts current
technologies with differentiated instruction
methodologies.

• District technology team will review current
  technologies such as Odyssey, Inspiration, United
  Streaming, etc. to identify those technologies
  which allow for differentiated instruction.
• District technology team will provide workshops
  on these technologies which go beyond the
  mechanics of learning the application to how it
  can be used to differentiate instruction by
  content, process, product, or learning style.

32
3. Create PA standards alignment documents for
language arts and mathematics that link the
academic standards to the districts current
technologies in an accessible format.

• The district technology team and teacher
  volunteers will identify district technologies
  that address mathematics and language arts
  standards.
• Two teams, one for mathematics and one for
  language arts, will work on linking these
  technologies to the PA academic standards by
  embedding them into a hyperlinked Adobe pdf
  document of the appropriate standards document.

33
4. Integrate Performance Tracker and Compass
Learning Odyssey so that teachers can use
assessment data to provide differentiated
instructional paths.

• Work with Sharon Krall (Compass Learning Odyssey)
  and Jim Bangston (Performance Tracker) to assist
  with the integration of the two systems.
• Provide workshops to staff demonstrating how the
  two systems can be used together to use
  assessment data from Performance Tracker in order
  to create differentiated learning paths in
  Odyssey in a seamless manner.

34
5. Incorporate local assessment data such as Math
Minis and other common district benchmark
assessments into Performance Tracker using
Assessment Builder.

• Work with reading specialists, math specialists,
  technology specialists, and the K-12 Academic
  Supervisor to identify district benchmark
  assessments that should be incorporated into
  Performance Tracker.
• Use the Performance Tracker import specification
  tool or Assessment Builder to add local
  assessment data into Performance Tracker
  throughout the 2005-06 school year.

35
6. Improve communication to staff on
technologies available to them via a periodic
newsletter.

• Work with the district technology team, reading
  specialists, math specialists, and K-12 Academic
  Supervisor to gather articles regarding
  technology integration relevant to the districts
  technology plan goals.
• Publish a district technology newsletter
  periodically in both print and web formats
  throughout the 2005-06 school year to communicate
  current information to staff.

36
7. Improve communication to staff, students,
parents, community members by creating an
interactive web site with more dynamic content
and intranet capabilities.

• Assemble a group of administrators and technology
  specialists to outline the navigational structure
  of the redesigned district web site.
• Migrate content from the districts current site
  to the new site structure.
• Provide training to district staff who will be
  updating the site periodically on how to use the
  content management system.
• Create an intranet linked from the district site
  that provides staff with access to district
  office administrative and support files currently
  available only on the district Wide Area Network.

37
8. Work with the SASI Users Group to improve the
accuracy and consistency of SASI data.

• Provide regular meetings throughout the 2005-06
  school year to meet with the secretarial staff
  on SASI in order to create and communicate
  policies regarding data entry and maintaining
  data integrity in the system.
• Improve communication about changes to the system
  using an email distribution list for the SASI
  Users Group.
• Work with the Educational Data Secretary to
  create a SASI guidelines document that outlines
  procedures for properly using fields and entering
  information. This document should be updated
  periodically throughout the year.

38
Nazareth Area Elementary Schools2005-2006

• Goal 1 Use various common standards-based
  assessments to drive our instructional decisions.
  (S.P. 2.0)
• Goal 2 Develop and field test a common
  standards-based elementary report card. (S.P.
  6.0)

39
Goal 1 Use various common standards-based
assessments to drive our instructional decisions.
(S.P. 2.0)

• Define common assessments in math, language arts,
  and science.
• Collect and analyze assessment data to improve
  instructional practices through differentiation.
• Use wireless technology to enhance
  differentiation.

40
Goal 2 Develop and field test a common
standards-based elementary report card. (S.P.
6.0)

• MP 1 - Create common Report Card/Handbook/Guidelin
  es with representatives from each elementary
  school
• MP 2 Each teacher field test Report Card with
  five students. Survey parents at conferences.
  Survey teachers following conferences.
• MP 3 Use results of survey and teacher feedback
  to revise and edit report card
• MP 4 - Roll out revised report card to staff,
  parents, and educational community. Complete
  preparations for 06 -07 report card

41
Nazareth Area Middle School GoalsSY 2005-2006

• Continue to foster an environment conducive to
  students' academic achievement, social and
  emotional growth, and character development
• Implement differentiated instructional strategies
  that are standards-based and linked to
  assessments
• Continue to develop and expand the collection and
  use of data for decision-making
• Prepare for standards-based reporting
• Develop and implement an administrative
  transition plan

42
Continue to foster an environment conducive to
students' academic achievement, social and
emotional growth, and character development

• Review, revise and update teaming practices

43
Implement differentiated instructional strategies
that are standards-based and linked to
assessments

• Explore differentiated instructional strategies
• Provide professional development
• Identify, validate, and share existing
  differentiation practices

44
Prepare for standards-based reporting

• Explore models for standards-based reporting
• Examine grading practices
• Develop common definition of proficient
• Designate standards categories to be included on
  the report card
• Investigate grading non-academic variables

45
Nazareth Area High School

• Goals
• SY 2005-2006

46
Nazareth Area High School Goals2005-2006

• Implement an inclusion program
• Continue focus on common assessments
• Implement use of Sapphire grading software
• Update and revise the building-level evacuation
  plan
• Continue the Ambassador Program continue the
  Parent Advisory Committee

47
Implement an inclusion program

• Provide support, materials, and training for
  regular and special education teachers and
  associates
• Analyze data (grades) to evaluate academic
  success of included students
• Conduct a survey of included and regualr
  education students.

48
Continue focus on common assessments

• Continue to develop common assessments on all
  levels (On-Level course sequence)
• Analyze and review data from common assessments

49
Implement use of Sapphire grading software

• Train all teachers on the grading software
• Implement grading software during semester two

50
Information Technology 2005 - 2006

• Install and upgrade the district-wide
  infrastructure.
• Setup and install a district-wide IP based
  surveillance system.
• Create a software database for the IT Work Order
  System.
• Purchase and build a web server for Sapphire.
• Continue the development of the SAN
  storage/optical imaging/CDC project

51
Install and upgrade of district-wide
infrastructure.

• Replace core equipment and 100 meg digital
  switches and routers with 1000 meg equipment and
  program equipment.
• Convert district-wide bandwidth from 1.5 3.0meg
  for commodity Internet.
• Create a web server capable of migrating all five
  school websites from the existing Prolog location
  to an internal server.
• Create and setup a conduit between Web Services
  manager and our existing site.
• Create model for converting servers and services
  from Shafer Elementary to Admin (T1, phone, proxy
  etc.).

52
Setup and install a district-wide IP based
surveillance system

• Purchase, set-up and install equipment and
  software.
• Implement the system starting with the High
  School/Admin complex.
• Establish a protocol for monitoring and
  administrative guidelines for the use of
  information.

53
Create a software database for the IT Work Order
System.

• Set-up to allow users to enter the IT work order
  system and check the installation status of
  particular computer labs or groups
• Set-up so that the user will select a school and
  room number and the display will show the active
  installations of software in that room

54
Business Administration2005-2006

• 1 Implement a process of compiling a list of
  capital project needs and how those needs will be
  funded.
• 2 Continue to Review and Improve the Budget
  Process
• 3 Review Act 24 of 2001 The Occupation
  Assessment Tax Elimination Act
• 4   Implement GASB Statements 34, 40, and 45
• 5 Coordinate a Financial Plan for the New Capital
  Projects Program.
• 6 Implement a Centralized Inventory System
• 7 Review the Student Activity Funds
• 8 Central Duplicating and Copying (CDC)

55
Goal 1 Implement a process of compiling a list
of capital project needs and how those needs will
be funded.

•       Obtain a list of capital projects needs
  from all administrators (Sept.).
•       Compile into one list, set priorities,
  and estimate costs (Oct. Nov.).
•   Determine how the projects will be funded
  capital projects, capital reserve, or general
  fund (Oct. - Nov.)
• Submit the list to the Build. Gr. Committee
  for review and approval (Dec.).
• Submit the list to the whole Board for review
  and approval (Jan.).
• Architect/Engineer starts the bid process
  (Feb. March).
• Start the projects (June).
• Completion Date June 2006

56
Goal 2 Continue to Review and Improve the Budget
Process. (S.P. 7.0 )

• The Administration will set its Goals (Sept.
  Oct.)
• Each Board Committee will set its
  Goals and Expectations.
• The Board and Administration will
  have a Saturday retreat in November
  to discuss and finalize Board priorities and
  Goals.
•       Five-year trends on large expenditure
  items will be reviewed and analyzed in
  an effort to minimize these increases, if
  possible.
• Completion Date June 2006

57
Goal 3 Review Act 24 of 2001 The Occupation
Assessment Tax Elimination Act (S.P. )

•   Discuss the feasibility of implementing Act
  24 with the Audit and Finance Committee and then
  the whole Board.
• Hold a Public Hearing .
• Send a Referendum Question to the County
  Board of Elections.
• Compose an informational pamphlet and mail
  to all residents.
• The residents vote whether or not the
  District will implement this Act.
• If approved, move forward with the
  implementation of this Act.
• Completion Date November 2005 or Ongoing

58
Goal 4   Implementation of the GASB Statements
34, 40, and 45 The Governmental Accounting
Standards Board is approving additional
Statements so that Public School Districts
Financial Statements are more aligned to the
Financial Statements in Private Industry. (S.P.
7.4) 

• GASB 34 makes sweeping changes in the method
  by which public schools report financial
  information. The most significant change is the
  presentation of a set of highly aggregated
  financial statements.
• GASB 40 requires revising financial report
  note disclosures on cash and investments.
• GASB 45 involves Other Post Employment
  Benefits and how they will be funded and reported
  on the financial statements.
• Completion Date  Ongoing

59
Goal 5   Coordinate a Financial Plan for the New
Capital Projects Program.  (S.P. ) 

• Work with the Superintendent,
  Architect/Engineer, Financial Advisors, Bond
  Counsel, Solicitor, and Board for the following
• Review and evaluate our financial needs for
  this program.
• Review and evaluate the various financing
  options that are available.
• Review and evaluate the investment options
  that are available.
• Monitor the cash flow needs and investments.
  Make sure we are in compliance with the IRS
  regulations.
• Completion Date September 2007

60
Goal 6 Implementation of a Centralized Inventory
System

• Set up software package and train appropriate
  staff.
• Enter beginning balances and begin utilizing
  package for receipt and distribution of
  supplies.
• Develop utilization reports to assist in the
  purchase of supplies.
• Completion Date September 2005 and ongoing.

61
Goal 7 Review the Student Activity Funds

• Review the current process for the Student
  Activity Funds.
• Conduct a session in Fall 2005 with
  Administrators and Secretaries to discuss proper
  procedures and guidelines for Student Activities.
• Make changes as necessary to ensure these
  funds are in compliance with State Regulations
  and Board Policy.
• Conduct a random, periodic review of
  individual funds.
• Address all audit concerns regarding the
  Student Activities.
• Completion Date Ongoing

62
Goal 8 Central Duplicating and Copying (CDC)

• Analyze the CDC productivity.
• Evaluate the cost effectiveness and benefits
  of Centralized, Decentralized or a combination.
• Develop a system that is cost effective and
  efficient.
• Determine equipment needs and bid, as
  necessary.
• Develop procedures for the new system and
  provide any necessary training.
• Analyze and evaluate the management of
  documents.
• Completion Date Ongoing

63
Human Resources/ Support Services/
Transportation2005-2006

• Increase Utilization of Transportation Software
• Develop Employee Handbook for Human Resources
• Update Infrastructure of Substitute Program

64
Increase Utilization of Transportation Software

• Prepare via policies and secure mapping data for
  software application
• Schedule and attend MapNet training with key
  individuals
• Edit routes through SY for accurate data
• Prepare for bus mapping and routing for sy 06-07.
  

65
Develop Employee Handbook for Human Resources

• Create an electronic handbook/toolkit for HR
  application
• Complete appropriate training and skill set for
  webpage creation and use
• Develop electronic notification for communication
  of highlights and changes
• Edit in real time.

66
Update Infrastructure of Substitute Program

• Continue evaluation of software application for
  overall effectiveness of substitute program
• Apply teacher feedback format and documentation

67
Buildings and Grounds2005-2006

• Coordinate District Security Communication
• Update Facilities Systems and Processes

68
Coordinate District Security Communication

• Develop key control policies and documentation
• Streamline communication of access security with
  Administration
• Create reference guide and training for fire
  panel, security alarm or surveillance responses.

69
Update Facilities Systems and Processes

• Develop departmental plans/ schedule for routine
  responsibilities.
• Communicate quarterly goals for proactive
  maintenance
• Utilize Intranet to involve and update
  Administrators.

70
Custodial Services Goals2005-2006

• Update Facilities Systems and Processes

71
Update Facilities Systems and Processes

• Evaluate effectiveness of delineation of duties
  for custodial staff
• Establish needs assessment for improved
  coordination, training, and teaming.
• Prepare action plan for improvement.

72
Food Service2005-2006

• Implement Point of Sale at Bushkill Elementary
  and Lower Nazareth Elementary to complete
  district project.
• Implement new HACCP-Hazard Analysis Critical
  Control Point regulations with regards to Food
  Safety Sanitation.
• Be a contributing member of the Wellness
  Committee to assist in developing the mandated
  Wellness Policy

73
Implement Point of Sale at Bushkill Lower
Nazareth Elementary Schools to complete district
project.

• Purchase equipment needed to complete point of
  sale project.
• Inform parents of upcoming changes in the
  cafeteria for lunch purchases.
• Train staff and begin use of Point of Sale-
  Tentatively-Bushkill- Mid October, Lower
  Nazareth- December.

74
Implement new HACCP regulations with regards to
Food Safety and Sanitation.

• Train Food Service staff with new regulations and
  documentations.
• Monitor program for compliance.

75
Be a contributing member of the Wellness
Committee to assist in developing a mandated
Wellness Policy

• Assist in selecting committee to develop Wellness
  Policy for implementation July 2006.
• Provide model policies as samples.
• Policies shall include items that relate to
  Physical Education, Nutritional Education, all
  food sold in the district-fundraisers, vending
  machines, school stores, concessions, and snack
  items in cafeterias.